{"id":599,"date":"2019-10-23T14:19:40","date_gmt":"2019-10-23T06:19:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.linuxdevops.cn\/?p=599"},"modified":"2023-04-18T15:57:32","modified_gmt":"2023-04-18T07:57:32","slug":"general-collection-of-python-common-modules-sorting","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.linuxdevops.cn\/2019\/10\/general-collection-of-python-common-modules-sorting\/","title":{"rendered":"Python \u5e38\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u5927\u5168\uff08\u6574\u7406\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>OS \u6a21\u5757<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><em>\n<\/em>#os\u6a21\u5757\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\uff1a\nimport os\n\n#getcwd() \u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55(\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u9ed8\u8ba4\u90fd\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5728\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939)\nresult = os.getcwd()\nprint(result)\n\n#chdir()\u6539\u53d8\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\nos.chdir('\/home\/sy')\nresult = os.getcwd()\nprint(result)\n\nopen('02.txt','w')\n\n#\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u5982\u679c\u4e66\u5199\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u5219\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u95ee\u9898,\u6309\u7167\u5b9e\u9645\u4e66\u5199\u8def\u5f84\u64cd\u4f5c\nopen('\/home\/sy\/\u4e0b\u8f7d\/02.txt','w')\n\n#listdir() \u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u5217\u8868\nresult = os.listdir('\/home\/sy')\nprint(result)\n\n#mkdir()  \u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\n#os.mkdir('girls')\n#os.mkdir('boys',0o777)\n\n#makedirs()  \u9012\u5f52\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\n#os.makedirs('\/home\/sy\/a\/b\/c\/d')\n\n#rmdir() \u5220\u9664\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55\n#os.rmdir('girls')\n\n#removedirs \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u5939  \u5fc5\u987b\u90fd\u662f\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55\n#os.removedirs('\/home\/sy\/a\/b\/c\/d')\n\n#rename() \u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u91cd\u547d\u540d\n#os.rename('\/home\/sy\/a','\/home\/sy\/alibaba'\n#os.rename('02.txt','002.txt')\n\n#stat() \u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8005\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\n#result = os.stat('\/home\/sy\/PycharmProject\/Python3\/10.27\/01.py)\n#print(result)\n\n#system() \u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4(\u5371\u9669\u51fd\u6570)\n#result = os.system('ls -al')  #\u83b7\u53d6\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6\n#print(result)\n\n#\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\n'''\n\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u96c6\u5408\n\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5c31\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u641c\u7d22\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u96c6\u5408\n'''\n#getenv() \u83b7\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\nresult = os.getenv('PATH')\nprint(result.split(':'))\n\n#putenv() \u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d(\u4e34\u65f6\u589e\u52a0\u4ec5\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u811a\u672c\u6709\u6548)\n#os.putenv('PATH','\/home\/sy\/\u4e0b\u8f7d')\n#os.system('syls')\n\n#exit() \u9000\u51fa\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\n\n#os\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u503c\n#curdir  \u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u5939   .\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u5939  \u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\nprint(os.curdir)\n\n#pardir  \u8868\u793a\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42\u6587\u4ef6\u5939   ..\u8868\u793a\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42\u6587\u4ef6\u5939  \u4e0d\u53ef\u7701\u7565!\nprint(os.pardir)\n\n#os.mkdir('..\/..\/..\/man')#\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84  \u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb\u67e5\u627e\n#os.mkdir('\/home\/sy\/man1')#\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84  \u4ece\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb\u67e5\u627e\n\n#name \u83b7\u53d6\u4ee3\u8868\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\nprint(os.name) #posix -&gt; linux\u6216\u8005unix\u7cfb\u7edf  nt -&gt; window\u7cfb\u7edf\n\n#sep \u83b7\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8def\u5f84\u95f4\u9694\u7b26\u53f7  window -&gt;\\    linux -&gt;\/\nprint(os.sep)\n\n#extsep \u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u540e\u7f00\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u95f4\u9694\u7b26\u53f7  window &amp; linux -&gt; .\nprint(os.extsep)\n\n#linesep  \u83b7\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u53f7  window -&gt; \\r\\n  linux\/unix -&gt; \\n\nprint(repr(os.linesep))\n\n#\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u662fos.path\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\n\n#abspath()  \u5c06\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\npath = '.\/boys'#\u76f8\u5bf9\nresult = os.path.abspath(path)\nprint(result)\n\n#dirname()  \u83b7\u53d6\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u90e8\u5206  &amp;  basename()\u83b7\u53d6\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u90e8\u5206\npath = '\/home\/sy\/boys'\nresult = os.path.dirname(path)\nprint(result)\n\nresult = os.path.basename(path)\nprint(result)\n\n#split() \u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u5207\u5272\u6210\u76ee\u5f55\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u4e3b\u4f53\u90e8\u5206\npath = '\/home\/sy\/boys'\nresult = os.path.split(path)\nprint(result)\n\n#join() \u5c062\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\nvar1 = '\/home\/sy'\nvar2 = '000.py'\nresult = os.path.join(var1,var2)\nprint(result)\n\n#splitext() \u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u5207\u5272\u6210\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u7f00\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206,\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540e\u7f00\npath = '\/home\/sy\/000.py'\nresult = os.path.splitext(path)\nprint(result)\n\n#getsize()  \u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\n#path = '\/home\/sy\/000.py'\n#result = os.path.getsize(path)\n#print(result)\n\n#isfile() \u68c0\u6d4b\u662f\u5426\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\npath = '\/home\/sy\/000.py'\nresult = os.path.isfile(path)\nprint(result)\n\n#isdir()  \u68c0\u6d4b\u662f\u5426\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\nresult = os.path.isdir(path)\nprint(result)\n\n#islink() \u68c0\u6d4b\u662f\u5426\u662f\u94fe\u63a5\npath = '\/initrd.img.old'\nresult = os.path.islink(path)\nprint(result)\n\n#getctime() \u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4 get create time\n#getmtime() \u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4 get modify time\n#getatime() \u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4 get active time\n\nimport time\n\nfilepath = '\/home\/sy\/\u4e0b\u8f7d\/chls'\n\nresult = os.path.getctime(filepath)\nprint(time.ctime(result))\n\nresult = os.path.getmtime(filepath)\nprint(time.ctime(result))\n\nresult = os.path.getatime(filepath)\nprint(time.ctime(result))\n\n#exists() \u68c0\u6d4b\u67d0\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u771f\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\nfilepath = '\/home\/sy\/\u4e0b\u8f7d\/chls'\nresult = os.path.exists(filepath)\nprint(result)\n\n#isabs() \u68c0\u6d4b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\npath = '\/boys'\nresult = os.path.isabs(path)\nprint(result)\n\n#samefile() \u68c0\u6d4b2\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\npath1 = '\/home\/sy\/\u4e0b\u8f7d\/001'\npath2 = '..\/..\/..\/\u4e0b\u8f7d\/001'\nresult = os.path.samefile(path1,path2)\nprint(result)\n\n#os.environ \u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u503c\nimport os\n#\u83b7\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf  getenv() \u6548\u679c\nprint(os.environ['PATH'])\n\n#\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf putenv()\nos.environ['PATH'] += ':\/home\/sy\/\u4e0b\u8f7d'\nos.system('chls')<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">os \u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>os.remove(\u2018path\/filename\u2019) \u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6<\/li><li>os.rename(oldname, newname) \u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6<\/li><li>os.walk() \u751f\u6210\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/li><li>os.chdir('dirname') \u6539\u53d8\u76ee\u5f55<\/li><li>os.mkdir\/makedirs('dirname')\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\/\u591a\u5c42\u76ee\u5f55<\/li><li>os.rmdir\/removedirs('dirname') \u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55\/\u591a\u5c42\u76ee\u5f55<\/li><li>os.listdir('dirname') \u5217\u51fa\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/li><li>os.getcwd() \u53d6\u5f97\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55<\/li><li>os.chmod() \u6539\u53d8\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650<\/li><li>os.path.basename(\u2018path\/filename\u2019) \u53bb\u6389\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/li><li>os.path.dirname(\u2018path\/filename\u2019) \u53bb\u6389\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84<\/li><li>os.path.join(path1[,path2[,...]]) \u5c06\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u540d<\/li><li>os.path.split('path') \u8fd4\u56de( dirname(), basename())\u5143\u7ec4<\/li><li>os.path.splitext() \u8fd4\u56de (filename, extension) \u5143\u7ec4<\/li><li>os.path.getatime\\ctime\\mtime \u5206\u522b\u8fd4\u56de\u6700\u8fd1\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4<\/li><li>os.path.getsize() \u8fd4\u56de\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f<\/li><li>os.path.exists() \u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728<\/li><li>os.path.isabs() \u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84<\/li><li>os.path.isdir() \u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u76ee\u5f55<\/li><li>os.path.isfile() \u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>sys \u6a21\u5757<br><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>sys.argv \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570List\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u672c\u8eab\u8def\u5f84<\/li><li>sys.modules.keys() \u8fd4\u56de\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5217\u8868<\/li><li>sys.exc_info() \u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b,exc_type\u3001exc_value\u3001exc_traceback\u5f53\u524d\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f<\/li><li>sys.exit(n) \u9000\u51fa\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6b63\u5e38\u9000\u51fa\u65f6exit(0)<\/li><li>sys.hexversion \u83b7\u53d6Python\u89e3\u91ca\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7248\u672c\u503c\uff0c16\u8fdb\u5236\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\uff1a0x020403F0<\/li><li>sys.version \u83b7\u53d6Python\u89e3\u91ca\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f<\/li><li>sys.maxint \u6700\u5927\u7684Int\u503c<\/li><li>sys.maxunicode \u6700\u5927\u7684Unicode\u503c<\/li><li>sys.modules \u8fd4\u56de\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0ckey\u662f\u6a21\u5757\u540d\uff0cvalue\u662f\u6a21\u5757<\/li><li>sys.path \u8fd4\u56de\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528PYTHONPATH\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c<\/li><li>sys.platform \u8fd4\u56de\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e73\u53f0\u540d\u79f0<\/li><li>sys.stdout \u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa<\/li><li>sys.stdin \u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165<\/li><li>sys.stderr \u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa<\/li><li>sys.exc_clear() \u7528\u6765\u6e05\u9664\u5f53\u524d\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6240\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u6216\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f<\/li><li>sys.exec_prefix \u8fd4\u56de\u5e73\u53f0\u72ec\u7acb\u7684python\u6587\u4ef6\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/li><li>sys.byteorder \u672c\u5730\u5b57\u8282\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u6307\u793a\u5668\uff0cbig-endian\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u503c\u662f'big',little-endian\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u503c\u662f'little'<\/li><li>sys.copyright \u8bb0\u5f55python\u7248\u6743\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e1c\u897f<\/li><li>sys.api_version \u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u7684C\u7684API\u7248\u672c<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>sys.stdin,sys.stdout,sys.stderr,stdin , stdout , \u4ee5\u53castderr \u53d8\u91cf\u5305\u542b\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6I\/O \u6d41\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6d41\u5bf9\u8c61. \u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u63a7\u5236\u8f93\u51fa,\u800cprint \u4e0d\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u4f60\u7684\u8981\u6c42, \u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684. \u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u5b83\u4eec, \u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u8f93\u5165\u5230\u5176\u5b83\u8bbe\u5907( device ), \u6216\u8005\u4ee5\u975e\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u5b83\u4eec<code>\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u7528print\u548craw_input\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6253\u5370\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48<\/code>print \u548c raw_input\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\/\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41\u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5462\uff1f<br>\u5176\u5b9ePython\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\/\u8f93\u51fa\/\u51fa\u9519\u6d41\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728sys\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5206\u522b \u4e3a\uff1a sys.stdin,sys.stdout, sys.stderr<br>\u4e0b\u5217\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff1a<br><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><code>sys.stdout.write('HelloWorld!')<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><code>print 'Please enter yourname:',<\/code><br><code>name=sys.stdin.readline()[:-1]<\/code><br><code>print 'Hi, %s!' % name<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48sys.stdin, sys.stdout, stderr\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u5728Python\u8fd0\u884c\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><code>import sys<\/code><br><code>for f in (sys.stdin,sys.stdout, sys.stderr): print f<\/code><br><code>\u8f93\u51fa\u4e3a\uff1a<\/code><br><code>&lt;open file'&lt;stdin&gt;', mode 'r' at 892210&gt;<\/code><br><code>&lt;open file'&lt;stdout&gt;', mode 'w' at 892270&gt;<\/code><br><code>&lt;open file'&lt;stderr&gt;', mode 'w at 8922d0&gt;<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fastdin, stdout, stderr\u5728Python\u4e2d\u65e0\u975e\u90fd\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728Python\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u4e0eShell \u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u51fa\u9519\u5173\u8054\u3002<br>\u800cPython\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5728Shell\u4e2d\u7684I\/O\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4e0e\u672c\u6587\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u4e3e\u7684DOS\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u8fd9\u79cd\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u662f\u7531Shell\u6765\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\uff0c\u4e0ePython \u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u65e0\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Python\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5185\u90e8\u5c06stdin,stdout,stderr\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61\u5462\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<br>Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aStringIO\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbe\u60f3\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<br>from StringIO import StringIO<br>import sys<br>buff =StringIO()<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>temp =sys.stdout&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;#\u4fdd\u5b58\u6807\u51c6I\/O\u6d41<br>sys.stdout =buff&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;#\u5c06\u6807\u51c6I\/O\u6d41\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230buff\u5bf9\u8c61<br>print 42, 'hello', 0.001<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>sys.stdout=temp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;#\u6062\u590d\u6807\u51c6I\/O\u6d41<br>print buff.getvalue() <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\n\ntime\u6a21\u5757<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;time\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u65f6\u95f4\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000a\u3001timestamp\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u4ece1970\u5e741\u67081\u65e500:00:00\u5f00\u59cb\u6309\u79d2\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u91cf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000b\u3001struct_time\u65f6\u95f4\u5143\u7ec4\uff0c\u5171\u6709\u4e5d\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000c\u3001format time \u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5df2\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f7f\u65f6\u95f4\u66f4\u5177\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u56fa\u5b9a\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u4e3b\u8981time\u751f\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u548ctime\u683c\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">#! \/usr\/bin\/env python\n# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-\n# __author__ = \"TKQ\"\n\nimport time\n\n<strong># \u751f\u6210timestamp<\/strong>\ntime.time()\n# 1477471508.05<br>#struct_time to timestamp<br>time.mktime(time.localtime())<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><strong>#\u751f\u6210struct_time<\/strong>\n# timestamp to struct_time \u672c\u5730\u65f6\u95f4\ntime.localtime()\ntime.localtime(time.time())\n# time.struct_time(tm_year=2016, tm_mon=10, tm_mday=26, tm_hour=16, tm_min=45, tm_sec=8, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=300, tm_isdst=0)\n\n# timestamp to struct_time \u683c\u6797\u5a01\u6cbb\u65f6\u95f4\ntime.gmtime()\ntime.gmtime(time.time())\n# time.struct_time(tm_year=2016, tm_mon=10, tm_mday=26, tm_hour=8, tm_min=45, tm_sec=8, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=300, tm_isdst=0)\n\n#format_time to struct_time\ntime.strptime('2011-05-05 16:37:06', '%Y-%m-%d %X')\n# time.struct_time(tm_year=2011, tm_mon=5, tm_mday=5, tm_hour=16, tm_min=37, tm_sec=6, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=125, tm_isdst=-1)\n\n<strong>#\u751f\u6210format_time<\/strong>\n#struct_time to format_time\ntime.strftime(\"%Y-%m-%d %X\")\ntime.strftime(\"%Y-%m-%d %X\",time.localtime())\n# 2016-10-26 16:48:41\n\n\n<strong>#\u751f\u6210\u56fa\u5b9a\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8868\u793a\u683c\u5f0f<\/strong>\ntime.asctime(time.localtime())\ntime.ctime(time.time())\n# Wed Oct 26 16:45:08 2016<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>struct_time\u5143\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">\u5c5e\u6027                            \u503c\ntm_year\uff08\u5e74\uff09                  \u6bd4\u59822011 \ntm_mon\uff08\u6708\uff09                   1 - 12\ntm_mday\uff08\u65e5\uff09                  1 - 31\ntm_hour\uff08\u65f6\uff09                  0 - 23\ntm_min\uff08\u5206\uff09                   0 - 59\ntm_sec\uff08\u79d2\uff09                   0 - 61\ntm_wday\uff08weekday\uff09             0 - 6\uff080\u8868\u793a\u5468\u65e5\uff09\ntm_yday\uff08\u4e00\u5e74\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u51e0\u5929\uff09        1 - 366\ntm_isdst\uff08\u662f\u5426\u662f\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6\uff09        \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a-1<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>format time\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u8868\u793a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<table class=\"wp-block-table\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u683c\u5f0f<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u542b\u4e49<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%a<\/td><td>\u672c\u5730\uff08locale\uff09\u7b80\u5316\u661f\u671f\u540d\u79f0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%A<\/td><td>\u672c\u5730\u5b8c\u6574\u661f\u671f\u540d\u79f0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%b<\/td><td>\u672c\u5730\u7b80\u5316\u6708\u4efd\u540d\u79f0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%B<\/td><td>\u672c\u5730\u5b8c\u6574\u6708\u4efd\u540d\u79f0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%c<\/td><td>\u672c\u5730\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u8868\u793a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%d<\/td><td>\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u51e0\u5929\uff0801 - 31\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%H<\/td><td>\u4e00\u5929\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0824\u5c0f\u65f6\u5236\uff0c00 - 23\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%I<\/td><td>\u7b2c\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0812\u5c0f\u65f6\u5236\uff0c01 - 12\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%j<\/td><td>\u4e00\u5e74\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u51e0\u5929\uff08001 - 366\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%m<\/td><td>\u6708\u4efd\uff0801 - 12\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%M<\/td><td>\u5206\u949f\u6570\uff0800 - 59\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%p<\/td><td>\u672c\u5730am\u6216\u8005pm\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u7b26<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%S<\/td><td>\u79d2\uff0801 - 61\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%U<\/td><td>\u4e00\u5e74\u4e2d\u7684\u661f\u671f\u6570\u3002\uff0800 - 53\u661f\u671f\u5929\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\uff09\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u5929\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5929\u6570\u90fd\u653e\u5728\u7b2c0\u5468\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%w<\/td><td>\u4e00\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u51e0\u5929\uff080 - 6\uff0c0\u662f\u661f\u671f\u5929\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%W<\/td><td>\u548c%U\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f%W\u4ee5\u661f\u671f\u4e00\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%x<\/td><td>\u672c\u5730\u76f8\u5e94\u65e5\u671f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%X<\/td><td>\u672c\u5730\u76f8\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%y<\/td><td>\u53bb\u6389\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5e74\u4efd\uff0800 - 99\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%Y<\/td><td>\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5e74\u4efd<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%Z<\/td><td>\u65f6\u533a\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%%<\/td><td>\u2018%\u2019\u5b57\u7b26<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u65f6\u95f4\u7ec4\u5408\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">print time.strftime(\"%Y-%m-%d %X\")\n#2016-10-26 20:50:13<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&nbsp;time\u52a0\u51cf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">#timestamp\u52a0\u51cf\u5355\u4f4d\u4ee5\u79d2\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\nimport time\nt1 = time.time()\nt2=t1+10\n\nprint time.ctime(t1)#Wed Oct 26 21:15:30 2016\nprint time.ctime(t2)#Wed Oct 26 21:15:40 2016<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">datetime\u6a21\u5757<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>datatime\u6a21\u5757\u91cd\u65b0\u5c01\u88c5\u4e86time\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7c7b\u6709\uff1adate,time,datetime,timedelta,tzinfo\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>date\u7c7b<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>datetime.date(year, month, day)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5b57\u6bb5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">date.max\u3001date.min\uff1adate\u5bf9\u8c61\u6240\u80fd\u8868\u793a\u7684\u6700\u5927\u3001\u6700\u5c0f\u65e5\u671f\uff1b\ndate.resolution\uff1adate\u5bf9\u8c61\u8868\u793a\u65e5\u671f\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u5929\u3002\ndate.today()\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u672c\u5730\u65e5\u671f\u7684date\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\ndate.fromtimestamp(timestamp)\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u622e\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2adate\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">d1 = date(2011,06,03)#date\u5bf9\u8c61\nd1.year\u3001date.month\u3001date.day\uff1a\u5e74\u3001\u6708\u3001\u65e5\uff1b\nd1.replace(year, month, day)\uff1a\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5e74\uff0c\u6708\uff0c\u65e5\u4ee3\u66ff\u539f\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\uff08\u539f\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ecd\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff09\nd1.timetuple()\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u65e5\u671f\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684time.struct_time\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\nd1.weekday()\uff1a\u8fd4\u56deweekday\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u661f\u671f\u4e00\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u662f\u661f\u671f2\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de1\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff1b\nd1.isoweekday()\uff1a\u8fd4\u56deweekday\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u661f\u671f\u4e00\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de1\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u662f\u661f\u671f2\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de2\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff1b\nd1.isocalendar()\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u683c\u5f0f\u5982(year\uff0cmonth\uff0cday)\u7684\u5143\u7ec4\uff1b\nd1.isoformat()\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u683c\u5f0f\u5982'YYYY-MM-DD\u2019\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1b\nd1.strftime(fmt)\uff1a\u548ctime\u6a21\u5757format\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>time\u7c7b<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>datetime.time(hour[&nbsp;, minute[&nbsp;, second[&nbsp;, microsecond[&nbsp;, tzinfo]&nbsp;]&nbsp;]&nbsp;]&nbsp;)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5b57\u6bb5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">time.min\u3001time.max\uff1atime\u7c7b\u6240\u80fd\u8868\u793a\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u3001\u6700\u5927\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0ctime.min = time(0, 0, 0, 0)\uff0c time.max = time(23, 59, 59, 999999)\uff1b\ntime.resolution\uff1a\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f1\u5fae\u79d2\uff1b<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">t1 = datetime.time(10,23,15)#time\u5bf9\u8c61<br>t1.hour\u3001t1.minute\u3001t1.second\u3001t1.microsecond\uff1a\u65f6\u3001\u5206\u3001\u79d2\u3001\u5fae\u79d2\uff1b\nt1.tzinfo\uff1a\u65f6\u533a\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\nt1.replace([ hour[ , minute[ , second[ , microsecond[ , tzinfo] ] ] ] ] )\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u3001\u5206\u3001\u79d2\u3001\u5fae\u79d2\u4ee3\u66ff\u539f\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u539f\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ecd\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff09\uff1b\nt1.isoformat()\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u578b\u5982\"HH:MM:SS\"\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8868\u793a\uff1b\nt1.strftime(fmt)\uff1a\u540ctime\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684format\uff1b<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>datetime\u7c7b<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>datetime\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8edate\u548ctime\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002<br>datetime.datetime (year, month, day[ , hour[ , minute[ , second[ , microsecond[ , tzinfo] ] ] ] ] )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5b57\u6bb5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">datetime.today()\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u672c\u5730\u65f6\u95f4\u7684datetime\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\ndatetime.now([tz])\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u672c\u5730\u65f6\u95f4\u7684datetime\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53c2\u6570tz\uff0c\u5219\u83b7\u53d6tz\u53c2\u6570\u6240\u6307\u65f6\u533a\u7684\u672c\u5730\u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\ndatetime.utcnow()\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f53\u524dutc\u65f6\u95f4\u7684datetime\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b#\u683c\u6797\u5a01\u6cbb\u65f6\u95f4\ndatetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp[, tz])\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u65f6\u95f4\u622e\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2adatetime\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u53c2\u6570tz\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u533a\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\ndatetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp)\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u65f6\u95f4\u622e\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2adatetime\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\ndatetime.combine(date, time)\uff1a\u6839\u636edate\u548ctime\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2adatetime\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\ndatetime.strptime(date_string, format)\uff1a\u5c06\u683c\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3adatetime\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">dt=datetime.now()#datetime\u5bf9\u8c61\ndt.year\u3001month\u3001day\u3001hour\u3001minute\u3001second\u3001microsecond\u3001tzinfo\uff1a\ndt.date()\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6date\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\ndt.time()\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6time\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\ndt. replace ([ year[ , month[ , day[ , hour[ , minute[ , second[ , microsecond[ , tzinfo] ] ] ] ] ] ] ])\uff1a\ndt. timetuple ()\ndt. utctimetuple ()\ndt. toordinal ()\ndt. weekday ()\ndt. isocalendar ()\ndt. isoformat ([ sep] )\ndt. ctime ()\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684C\u683c\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u7b49\u6548\u4e8etime.ctime(time.mktime(dt.timetuple()))\uff1b\ndt. strftime (format)<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>timedelta\u7c7b\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u52a0\u51cf<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528timedelta\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u5728\u65e5\u671f\u4e0a\u505a\u5929days\uff0c\u5c0f\u65f6hour\uff0c\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u79d2\uff0c\u6beb\u79d2\uff0c\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97\u6708\u4efd\u5219\u9700\u8981\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">#coding:utf-8\nfrom  datetime import *\n\ndt = datetime.now()\n#\u65e5\u671f\u51cf\u4e00\u5929\ndt1 = dt + timedelta(days=-1)#\u6628\u5929\ndt2 = dt - timedelta(days=1)#\u6628\u5929\ndt3 = dt + timedelta(days=1)#\u660e\u5929\ndelta_obj = dt3-dt\nprint type(delta_obj),delta_obj#&lt;type 'datetime.timedelta'&gt; 1 day, 0:00:00\nprint delta_obj.days ,delta_obj.total_seconds()#1 86400.0<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>&nbsp;tzinfo\u65f6\u533a\u7c7b<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">#! \/usr\/bin\/python\n# coding=utf-8\n\nfrom datetime import datetime, tzinfo,timedelta\n\n\"\"\"\ntzinfo\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u65f6\u533a\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7c7b\ntzinfo\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u88ab\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\n\"\"\"\nclass UTC(tzinfo):\n    \"\"\"UTC\"\"\"\n    def __init__(self,offset = 0):\n        self._offset = offset\n\n    def utcoffset(self, dt):\n        return timedelta(hours=self._offset)\n\n    def tzname(self, dt):\n        return \"UTC +%s\" % self._offset\n\n    def dst(self, dt):\n        return timedelta(hours=self._offset)\n\n#\u5317\u4eac\u65f6\u95f4\nbeijing = datetime(2011,11,11,0,0,0,tzinfo = UTC(8))\nprint \"beijing time:\",beijing\n#\u66fc\u8c37\u65f6\u95f4\nbangkok = datetime(2011,11,11,0,0,0,tzinfo = UTC(7))\nprint \"bangkok time\",bangkok\n#\u5317\u4eac\u65f6\u95f4\u8f6c\u6210\u66fc\u8c37\u65f6\u95f4\nprint \"beijing-time to bangkok-time:\",beijing.astimezone(UTC(7))\n\n#\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8003\u8651\u65f6\u533a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\ntimespan = beijing - bangkok\nprint \"\u65f6\u5dee:\",timespan\n\n#Output==================\n# beijing time: 2011-11-11 00:00:00+08:00\n# bangkok time 2011-11-11 00:00:00+07:00\n# beijing-time to bangkok-time: 2011-11-10 23:00:00+07:00\n# \u65f6\u5dee: -1 day, 23:00:00<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc_0\">hashlib\u52a0\u5bc6<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>hashlib\u4e3b\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b57\u7b26\u52a0\u5bc6\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5c06md5\u548csha\u6a21\u5757\u6574\u5408\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u652f\u6301md5,sha1, sha224, sha256, sha384, sha512\u7b49\u7b97\u6cd5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc_1\">\u5177\u4f53\u5e94\u7528<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">#!\/usr\/bin\/env python\n# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-\n#pyversion:python3.5\n#owner:fuzj\n\n\n\n\nimport hashlib\n\n# ######## md5 ########\n\nstring = \"beyongjie\"\n\n\nmd5 = hashlib.md5()\nmd5.update(string.encode('utf-8'))     #\u6ce8\u610f\u8f6c\u7801\nres = md5.hexdigest()\nprint(\"md5\u52a0\u5bc6\u7ed3\u679c:\",res)\n\n# ######## sha1 ########\n\nsha1 = hashlib.sha1()\nsha1.update(string.encode('utf-8'))\nres = sha1.hexdigest()\nprint(\"sha1\u52a0\u5bc6\u7ed3\u679c:\",res)\n\n# ######## sha256 ########\n\nsha256 = hashlib.sha256()\nsha256.update(string.encode('utf-8'))\nres = sha256.hexdigest()\nprint(\"sha256\u52a0\u5bc6\u7ed3\u679c:\",res)\n\n\n# ######## sha384 ########\n\nsha384 = hashlib.sha384()\nsha384.update(string.encode('utf-8'))\nres = sha384.hexdigest()\nprint(\"sha384\u52a0\u5bc6\u7ed3\u679c:\",res)\n\n# ######## sha512 ########\n\nsha512= hashlib.sha512()\nsha512.update(string.encode('utf-8'))\nres = sha512.hexdigest()\nprint(\"sha512\u52a0\u5bc6\u7ed3\u679c:\",res)<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">md5\u52a0\u5bc6\u7ed3\u679c: 0e725e477851ff4076f774dc312d4748\nsha1\u52a0\u5bc6\u7ed3\u679c: 458d32be8ea38b66300174970ab0a8c0b734252f\nsha256\u52a0\u5bc6\u7ed3\u679c: 1e62b55bfd02977943f885f6a0998af7cc9cfb95c8ac4a9f30ecccb7c05ec9f4\nsha384\u52a0\u5bc6\u7ed3\u679c: e91cdf0d2570de5c96ee84e8a12cddf16508685e7a03b3e811099cfcd54b7f52183e20197cff7c07f312157f0ba4875b\nsha512\u52a0\u5bc6\u7ed3\u679c: 3f0020a726e9c1cb5d22290c967f3dd1bcecb409a51a8088db520750c876aaec3f17a70d7981cd575ed4b89471f743f3f24a146a39d59f215ae3e208d0170073<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1ahashlib \u52a0\u5bc6\u554a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f1a\u62a5\u5982\u4e0b\u9519\u8bef\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sha1 = hashlib.sha1()\nsha1.update(string)\nres = sha1.hexdigest()\nprint(\"sha1\u52a0\u5bc6\u7ed3\u679c:\",res)\n\n\nTypeError: Unicode-objects must be encoded before hashing<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528encode\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u6362<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">shaa1 = hashlib.sha1()\nshaa1.update(string.encode('utf-8'))\nres = shaa1.hexdigest()\nprint(\"sha1\u91c7\u7528encode\u8f6c\u6362\u52a0\u5bc6\u7ed3\u679c:\",res)<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528byte\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">shab1 = hashlib.sha1()\nshab1.update(bytes(string,encoding='utf-8'))\nres = shab1.hexdigest()\nprint(\"sha1\u91c7\u7528byte\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u7ed3\u679c:\",res)<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sha1\u91c7\u7528encode\u8f6c\u6362\u52a0\u5bc6\u7ed3\u679c: 458d32be8ea38b66300174970ab0a8c0b734252f\nsha1\u91c7\u7528byte\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u7ed3\u679c: 458d32be8ea38b66300174970ab0a8c0b734252f<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc_2\">\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>hash.update(arg) \u66f4\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ee5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53c2\u6570, \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2ahash\u5bf9\u8c61\u91cd\u590d\u8c03\u7528\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5219m.update(a); m.update(b) \u7b49\u6548\u4e8e m.update(a+b)\uff0c\u770b\u4e0b\u9762\u4f8b\u5b50<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>hash.digest() \u8fd4\u56de\u6458\u8981\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u503c,<\/li><li>hash.hexdigest() \u8fd4\u56de\u6458\u8981\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u503c,<\/li><li>hash.copy() \u590d\u5236<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc_3\">\u9ad8\u7ea7\u52a0\u5bc6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u867d\u7136\u4f9d\u7136\u975e\u5e38\u5389\u5bb3\uff0c\u4f46\u65f6\u5019\u5b58\u5728\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u5373\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u649e\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u89e3\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5bf9\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49key\u518d\u6765\u505a\u52a0\u5bc6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">low = hashlib.md5()\nlow.update('ab'.encode('utf-8'))\nres = low.hexdigest()\nprint(\"\u666e\u901a\u52a0\u5bc6:\",res)\n\nhigh = hashlib.md5(b'beyondjie')\nhigh.update('ab'.encode('utf-8'))\nres = high.hexdigest()\nprint(\"\u91c7\u7528key\u52a0\u5bc6:\",res)\n\n\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a\n\u666e\u901a\u52a0\u5bc6: 187ef4436122d1cc2f40dc2b92f0eba0\n\u91c7\u7528key\u52a0\u5bc6: 1b073f6b8cffe609751e4c98537b7653<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc_4\">\u9644\u52a0HMAC-SHA1\u5404\u8bed\u8a00\u7248\u672c\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">\u5728\u5404\u5927\u5f00\u653e\u5e73\u53f0\u5927\u884c\u5176\u9053\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5f00\u53d1\u6f6e\u6d41\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u5404\u5e73\u53f0\u7684API\u63a5\u53e3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e0\u4e00\u4f8b\u5916\u90fd\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u8ba1\u7b97\u7b7e\u540d\u503c(sig\u503c)\u3002\u800c\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u7b7e\u540d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u5c31\u662fHMAC-SHA1\uff0c\u73b0\u5bf9HMAC-SHA1\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff1a\n\n        HMAC\uff0c\u6563\u5217\u6d88\u606f\u9274\u522b\u7801\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bc6\u94a5\u7684Hash\u7b97\u6cd5\u8ba4\u8bc1\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u7406\u4e3a\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u5df2\u7ecf\u516c\u5f00\u7684Hash\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u79c1\u6709\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u6765\u751f\u6210\u56fa\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u9274\u522b\u7801\uff1b\n\n        SHA1\u3001MD5\u7b49Hash\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006Hash\u7b7e\u540d\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1b\n\n        BASE64\uff0c\u5c06\u4efb\u610f\u5e8f\u5217\u76848\u5b57\u8282\u5b57\u7b26\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u4eba\u773c\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1b\n\n        \u5404\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e3a\uff1a\n\n        Python\u7248\uff1a\n\n              import hmac\n\n              import hashlib\n\n              import base64\n\n              hmac.new(Token,data,hashlib.sha1).digest().encode('base64').rstrip()\n\nToken\uff1a\u5373\u63a5\u53e3\u7684key\n\ndata\uff1a\u8981\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u6570\u636e\n\n        PHP\u7248\uff1a\n              base64_encode(hash_hmac(\"SHA1\",clientStr,Token , true))\n          C++\u7248\uff08Openssl)\uff1a\n\n               HMAC(  EVP_sha1(),\n\n                   \/*key data*\/ strKey.data(),\n                   \/*key len*\/  strKey.size(),\n                   \/*data  *\/(unsigned char*) strRandom.data(),\n                   \/*data len*\/ strRandom.size(), digest, &amp;digest_len))\n       Shell\u7248\uff1a\n              echo -n '3f88a95c532bea70' | openssl dgst -hmac '123' -sha1 -binary | base64<br><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"logging\u6a21\u5757\u7b80\u4ecb\">logging\u6a21\u5757\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>logging\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u8f93\u51fa\u8fd0\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f93\u51fa\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fdd\u5b58\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u56de\u6eda\u7b49\uff1b\u76f8\u6bd4print\uff0c\u5177\u5907\u5982\u4e0b\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7b49\u7ea7\uff0c\u5728release\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\u53ea\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u8981\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u663e\u793a\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b<\/li><li>print\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u67e5\u770b\u5176\u5b83\u6570\u636e\uff1blogging\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u600e\u4e48\u8f93\u51fa\uff1b<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"logging\u6a21\u5757\u4f7f\u7528\"> logging\u6a21\u5757\u4f7f\u7528<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528\"> \u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u914d\u7f6elogging\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u8f93\u51fa\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">import logging\nlogging.basicConfig(level = logging.INFO,format = '%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')\nlogger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\n\nlogger.info(\"Start print log\")\nlogger.debug(\"Do something\")\nlogger.warning(\"Something maybe fail.\")\nlogger.info(\"Finish\")<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>2016-10-09 19:11:19,434 - __main__ - INFO - Start print log\n2016-10-09 19:11:19,434 - __main__ - WARNING - Something maybe fail.\n2016-10-09 19:11:19,434 - __main__ - INFO - Finish<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>logging\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u5f88\u591a\u6d88\u606f\u7ea7\u522b\uff0c\u5982debug\u3001info\u3001warning\u3001error\u4ee5\u53cacritical\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8d4b\u4e88logger\u6216\u8005handler\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ea7\u522b\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u8f93\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u8c03\u8bd5\u65f6\u53ea\u8bb0\u5f55\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06logger\u7684\u7ea7\u522b\u6539\u4e3aDEBUG\uff0c\u518d\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e00\u4e0b\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">logging.basicConfig(level = logging.DEBUG,format = '%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u4e86debug\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>2016-10-09 19:12:08,289 - __main__ - INFO - Start print log\n2016-10-09 19:12:08,289 - __main__ - DEBUG - Do something\n2016-10-09 19:12:08,289 - __main__ - WARNING - Something maybe fail.\n2016-10-09 19:12:08,289 - __main__ - INFO - Finish<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>logging.basicConfig\u51fd\u6570\u5404\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>filename\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>filemode\uff1a\u548cfile\u51fd\u6570\u610f\u4e49\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6253\u5f00\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c'w'\u6216\u8005'a'\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>format\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\uff0cformat\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u51fa\u5f88\u591a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\u4f5c\u7528\n\n%(levelno)s\uff1a\u6253\u5370\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u6570\u503c\n%(levelname)s\uff1a\u6253\u5370\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u540d\u79f0\n%(pathname)s\uff1a\u6253\u5370\u5f53\u524d\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662fsys.argv[0]\n%(filename)s\uff1a\u6253\u5370\u5f53\u524d\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540d\n%(funcName)s\uff1a\u6253\u5370\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u51fd\u6570\n%(lineno)d\uff1a\u6253\u5370\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u53f7\n%(asctime)s\uff1a\u6253\u5370\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\n%(thread)d\uff1a\u6253\u5370\u7ebf\u7a0bID\n%(threadName)s\uff1a\u6253\u5370\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540d\u79f0\n%(process)d\uff1a\u6253\u5370\u8fdb\u7a0bID\n%(message)s\uff1a\u6253\u5370\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>datefmt\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u540ctime.strftime()\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>level\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ea7\u522b\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3alogging.WARNNING\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>stream\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u5c06\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u5230sys.stderr\uff0csys.stdout\u6216\u8005\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f93\u51fa\u5230sys.stderr\uff0c\u5f53stream\u548cfilename\u540c\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0cstream\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u5c06\u65e5\u5fd7\u5199\u5165\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\"> \u5c06\u65e5\u5fd7\u5199\u5165\u5230\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bbe\u7f6elogging\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aFileHandler\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u8f93\u51fa\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230logger\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u65e5\u5fd7\u5199\u5165\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">import logging\nlogger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\nlogger.setLevel(level = logging.INFO)\nhandler = logging.FileHandler(\"log.txt\")\nhandler.setLevel(logging.INFO)\nformatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')\nhandler.setFormatter(formatter)\nlogger.addHandler(handler)\n\nlogger.info(\"Start print log\")\nlogger.debug(\"Do something\")\nlogger.warning(\"Something maybe fail.\")\nlogger.info(\"Finish\")<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>log.txt\u4e2d\u65e5\u5fd7\u6570\u636e\u4e3a\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>2016-10-09 19:01:13,263 - __main__ - INFO - Start print log\n2016-10-09 19:01:13,263 - __main__ - WARNING - Something maybe fail.\n2016-10-09 19:01:13,263 - __main__ - INFO - Finish<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u5c06\u65e5\u5fd7\u540c\u65f6\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u5c4f\u5e55\u548c\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>logger\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0StreamHandler\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">import logging\nlogger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\nlogger.setLevel(level = logging.INFO)\nhandler = logging.FileHandler(\"log.txt\")\nhandler.setLevel(logging.INFO)\nformatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')\nhandler.setFormatter(formatter)\n\nconsole = logging.StreamHandler()\nconsole.setLevel(logging.INFO)\n\nlogger.addHandler(handler)\nlogger.addHandler(console)\n\nlogger.info(\"Start print log\")\nlogger.debug(\"Do something\")\nlogger.warning(\"Something maybe fail.\")\nlogger.info(\"Finish\")<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728log.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>2016-10-09 19:20:46,553 - __main__ - INFO - Start print log\n2016-10-09 19:20:46,553 - __main__ - WARNING - Something maybe fail.\n2016-10-09 19:20:46,553 - __main__ - INFO - Finish<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0clogging\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7addHandler\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u53bb\uff0clogging\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684handler\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>handler\u540d\u79f0\uff1a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1b\u4f5c\u7528\n\nStreamHandler\uff1alogging.StreamHandler\uff1b\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6d41\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662fsys.stderr\uff0csys.stdout\u6216\u8005\u6587\u4ef6\nFileHandler\uff1alogging.FileHandler\uff1b\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\nBaseRotatingHandler\uff1alogging.handlers.BaseRotatingHandler\uff1b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u56de\u6eda\u65b9\u5f0f\nRotatingHandler\uff1alogging.handlers.RotatingHandler\uff1b\u65e5\u5fd7\u56de\u6eda\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u6700\u5927\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u56de\u6eda\nTimeRotatingHandler\uff1alogging.handlers.TimeRotatingHandler\uff1b\u65e5\u5fd7\u56de\u6eda\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u533a\u57df\u5185\u56de\u6eda\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\nSocketHandler\uff1alogging.handlers.SocketHandler\uff1b\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8f93\u51fa\u65e5\u5fd7\u5230TCP\/IP sockets\nDatagramHandler\uff1alogging.handlers.DatagramHandler\uff1b\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8f93\u51fa\u65e5\u5fd7\u5230UDP sockets\nSMTPHandler\uff1alogging.handlers.SMTPHandler\uff1b\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8f93\u51fa\u65e5\u5fd7\u5230\u90ae\u4ef6\u5730\u5740\nSysLogHandler\uff1alogging.handlers.SysLogHandler\uff1b\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f93\u51fa\u5230syslog\nNTEventLogHandler\uff1alogging.handlers.NTEventLogHandler\uff1b\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8f93\u51fa\u65e5\u5fd7\u5230Windows NT\/2000\/XP\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u65e5\u5fd7\nMemoryHandler\uff1alogging.handlers.MemoryHandler\uff1b\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u5b9abuffer\nHTTPHandler\uff1alogging.handlers.HTTPHandler\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7\"GET\"\u6216\u8005\"POST\"\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8f93\u51fa\u5230HTTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u65e5\u5fd7\u56de\u6eda<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528RotatingFileHandler\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u65e5\u5fd7\u56de\u6eda\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">import logging\nfrom logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler\nlogger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\nlogger.setLevel(level = logging.INFO)\n#\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2aRotatingFileHandler\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u5907\u4efd3\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u6700\u59271K\nrHandler = RotatingFileHandler(\"log.txt\",maxBytes = 1*1024,backupCount = 3)\nrHandler.setLevel(logging.INFO)\nformatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')\nrHandler.setFormatter(formatter)\n\nconsole = logging.StreamHandler()\nconsole.setLevel(logging.INFO)\nconsole.setFormatter(formatter)\n\nlogger.addHandler(rHandler)\nlogger.addHandler(console)\n\nlogger.info(\"Start print log\")\nlogger.debug(\"Do something\")\nlogger.warning(\"Something maybe fail.\")\nlogger.info(\"Finish\")<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5de5\u7a0b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>2016\/10\/09  19:36               732 log.txt\n2016\/10\/09  19:36               967 log.txt.1\n2016\/10\/09  19:36               985 log.txt.2\n2016\/10\/09  19:36               976 log.txt.3<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\">\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7b49\u7ea7\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u65e5\u5fd7\u7b49\u7ea7\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8303\u56f4\n\nFATAL\uff1a\u81f4\u547d\u9519\u8bef\nCRITICAL\uff1a\u7279\u522b\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5982\u5185\u5b58\u8017\u5c3d\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5f88\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\nERROR\uff1a\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\uff0c\u5982IO\u64cd\u4f5c\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u8005\u8fde\u63a5\u95ee\u9898\nWARNING\uff1a\u53d1\u751f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u5bc6\u7801\u9519\u8bef\nINFO\uff1a\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u6216\u8005\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u7b49\u65e5\u5e38\u4e8b\u52a1\nDEBUG\uff1a\u8c03\u8bd5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528DEBUG\u7b49\u7ea7\uff0c\u5982\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u72b6\u6001<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u6355\u83b7traceback\">\u6355\u83b7traceback<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Python\u4e2d\u7684traceback\u6a21\u5757\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u8ddf\u8e2a\u5f02\u5e38\u8fd4\u56de\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728logging\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0btraceback\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">import logging\nlogger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\nlogger.setLevel(level = logging.INFO)\nhandler = logging.FileHandler(\"log.txt\")\nhandler.setLevel(logging.INFO)\nformatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')\nhandler.setFormatter(formatter)\n\nconsole = logging.StreamHandler()\nconsole.setLevel(logging.INFO)\n\nlogger.addHandler(handler)\nlogger.addHandler(console)\n\nlogger.info(\"Start print log\")\nlogger.debug(\"Do something\")\nlogger.warning(\"Something maybe fail.\")\ntry:\n    open(\"sklearn.txt\",\"rb\")\nexcept (SystemExit,KeyboardInterrupt):\n    raise\nexcept Exception:\n    logger.error(\"Faild to open sklearn.txt from logger.error\",exc_info = True)\n\nlogger.info(\"Finish\")<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/common.cnblogs.com\/images\/copycode.gif\" alt=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u548c\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6log.txt\u4e2d\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Start print log\nSomething maybe fail.\nFaild to open sklearn.txt from logger.error\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n  File \"G:\\zhb7627\\Code\\Eclipse WorkSpace\\PythonTest\\test.py\", line 23, in &lt;module>\n    open(\"sklearn.txt\",\"rb\")\nIOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'sklearn.txt'\nFinish<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528logger.exception(msg,_args)\uff0c\u5b83\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8elogger.error(msg,exc_info = True,_args)\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c06<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>logger.error(\"Faild to open sklearn.txt from logger.error\",exc_info = True)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>logger.exception(\"Failed to open sklearn.txt from logger.exception\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u548c\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6log.txt\u4e2d\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Start print log\nSomething maybe fail.\nFailed to open sklearn.txt from logger.exception\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n  File \"G:\\zhb7627\\Code\\Eclipse WorkSpace\\PythonTest\\test.py\", line 23, in &lt;module>\n    open(\"sklearn.txt\",\"rb\")\nIOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'sklearn.txt'\nFinish<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u591a\u6a21\u5757\u4f7f\u7528logging\">\u591a\u6a21\u5757\u4f7f\u7528logging<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3b\u6a21\u5757mainModule.py\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">import logging\nimport subModule\nlogger = logging.getLogger(\"mainModule\")\nlogger.setLevel(level = logging.INFO)\nhandler = logging.FileHandler(\"log.txt\")\nhandler.setLevel(logging.INFO)\nformatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')\nhandler.setFormatter(formatter)\n\nconsole = logging.StreamHandler()\nconsole.setLevel(logging.INFO)\nconsole.setFormatter(formatter)\n\nlogger.addHandler(handler)\nlogger.addHandler(console)\n\n\nlogger.info(\"creating an instance of subModule.subModuleClass\")\na = subModule.SubModuleClass()\nlogger.info(\"calling subModule.subModuleClass.doSomething\")\na.doSomething()\nlogger.info(\"done with  subModule.subModuleClass.doSomething\")\nlogger.info(\"calling subModule.some_function\")\nsubModule.som_function()\nlogger.info(\"done with subModule.some_function\")<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b50\u6a21\u5757subModule.py\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">import logging\n\nmodule_logger = logging.getLogger(\"mainModule.sub\")\nclass SubModuleClass(object):\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.logger = logging.getLogger(\"mainModule.sub.module\")\n        self.logger.info(\"creating an instance in SubModuleClass\")\n    def doSomething(self):\n        self.logger.info(\"do something in SubModule\")\n        a = []\n        a.append(1)\n        self.logger.debug(\"list a = \" + str(a))\n        self.logger.info(\"finish something in SubModuleClass\")\n\ndef som_function():\n    module_logger.info(\"call function some_function\")<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6log.txt\u4e2d\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>2016-10-09 20:25:42,276 - mainModule - INFO - creating an instance of subModule.subModuleClass\n2016-10-09 20:25:42,279 - mainModule.sub.module - INFO - creating an instance in SubModuleClass\n2016-10-09 20:25:42,279 - mainModule - INFO - calling subModule.subModuleClass.doSomething\n2016-10-09 20:25:42,279 - mainModule.sub.module - INFO - do something in SubModule\n2016-10-09 20:25:42,279 - mainModule.sub.module - INFO - finish something in SubModuleClass\n2016-10-09 20:25:42,279 - mainModule - INFO - done with  subModule.subModuleClass.doSomething\n2016-10-09 20:25:42,279 - mainModule - INFO - calling subModule.some_function\n2016-10-09 20:25:42,279 - mainModule.sub - INFO - call function some_function\n2016-10-09 20:25:42,279 - mainModule - INFO - done with subModule.some_function<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9996\u5148\u5728\u4e3b\u6a21\u5757\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86logger'mainModule'\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u5b83\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u8fdb\u7a0b\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u901a\u8fc7getLogger('mainModule')\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u8be5logger\u7684\u5b50logger\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5171\u4eab\u7236logger\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u7236\u5b50logger\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u540d\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u4efb\u610f\u4ee5'mainModule'\u5f00\u5934\u7684logger\u90fd\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u5b50logger\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982'mainModule.sub'\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2aapplication\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7logging\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7f16\u5199\u597d\u8fd9\u4e2aapplication\u6240\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839logger\uff0c\u5982'PythonAPP'\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u4e3b\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7fileConfig\u52a0\u8f7dlogging\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u5728application\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6839logger\u7684\u5b50logger\uff0c\u5982'PythonAPP.Core'\uff0c'PythonAPP.Web'\u6765\u8fdb\u884clog\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u53cd\u590d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u5404\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684logger\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u901a\u8fc7json\u6216\u8005yaml\u6587\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6elogging\u6a21\u5757\">\u901a\u8fc7JSON\u6216\u8005YAML\u6587\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6elogging\u6a21\u5757<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Python\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6elogging\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5e76\u4e0d\u591f\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5728Python 2.7\u53ca\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u52a0\u8f7dlogging\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7JSON\u6216\u8005YAML\u6587\u4ef6\u52a0\u8f7d\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u901a\u8fc7json\u6587\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6e\">\u901a\u8fc7JSON\u6587\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6e<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>JSON\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>{\n    \"version\":1,\n    \"disable_existing_loggers\":false,\n    \"formatters\":{\n        \"simple\":{\n            \"format\":\"%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s\"\n        }\n    },\n    \"handlers\":{\n        \"console\":{\n            \"class\":\"logging.StreamHandler\",\n            \"level\":\"DEBUG\",\n            \"formatter\":\"simple\",\n            \"stream\":\"ext:\/\/sys.stdout\"\n        },\n        \"info_file_handler\":{\n            \"class\":\"logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler\",\n            \"level\":\"INFO\",\n            \"formatter\":\"simple\",\n            \"filename\":\"info.log\",\n            \"maxBytes\":\"10485760\",\n            \"backupCount\":20,\n            \"encoding\":\"utf8\"\n        },\n        \"error_file_handler\":{\n            \"class\":\"logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler\",\n            \"level\":\"ERROR\",\n            \"formatter\":\"simple\",\n            \"filename\":\"errors.log\",\n            \"maxBytes\":10485760,\n            \"backupCount\":20,\n            \"encoding\":\"utf8\"\n        }\n    },\n    \"loggers\":{\n        \"my_module\":{\n            \"level\":\"ERROR\",\n            \"handlers\":[\"info_file_handler\"],\n            \"propagate\":\"no\"\n        }\n    },\n    \"root\":{\n        \"level\":\"INFO\",\n        \"handlers\":[\"console\",\"info_file_handler\",\"error_file_handler\"]\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7JSON\u52a0\u8f7d\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7logging.dictConfig\u914d\u7f6elogging\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">import json\nimport logging.config\nimport os\n\ndef setup_logging(default_path = \"logging.json\",default_level = logging.INFO,env_key = \"LOG_CFG\"):\n    path = default_path\n    value = os.getenv(env_key,None)\n    if value:\n        path = value\n    if os.path.exists(path):\n        with open(path,\"r\") as f:\n            config = json.load(f)\n            logging.config.dictConfig(config)\n    else:\n        logging.basicConfig(level = default_level)\n\ndef func():\n    logging.info(\"start func\")\n\n    logging.info(\"exec func\")\n\n    logging.info(\"end func\")\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    setup_logging(default_path = \"logging.json\")\n    func()<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u901a\u8fc7yaml\u6587\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6e\">\u901a\u8fc7YAML\u6587\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6e<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7YAML\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6bd4JSON\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u4ecb\u660e\u4e86\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>version: 1\ndisable_existing_loggers: False\nformatters:\n        simple:\n            format: \"%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s\"\nhandlers:\n    console:\n            class: logging.StreamHandler\n            level: DEBUG\n            formatter: simple\n            stream: ext:\/\/sys.stdout\n    info_file_handler:\n            class: logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler\n            level: INFO\n            formatter: simple\n            filename: info.log\n            maxBytes: 10485760\n            backupCount: 20\n            encoding: utf8\n    error_file_handler:\n            class: logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler\n            level: ERROR\n            formatter: simple\n            filename: errors.log\n            maxBytes: 10485760\n            backupCount: 20\n            encoding: utf8\nloggers:\n    my_module:\n            level: ERROR\n            handlers: [info_file_handler]\n            propagate: no\nroot:\n    level: INFO\n    handlers: [console,info_file_handler,error_file_handler]<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7YAML\u52a0\u8f7d\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7logging.dictConfig\u914d\u7f6elogging\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">import yaml\nimport logging.config\nimport os\n\ndef setup_logging(default_path = \"logging.yaml\",default_level = logging.INFO,env_key = \"LOG_CFG\"):\n    path = default_path\n    value = os.getenv(env_key,None)\n    if value:\n        path = value\n    if os.path.exists(path):\n        with open(path,\"r\") as f:\n            config = yaml.load(f)\n            logging.config.dictConfig(config)\n    else:\n        logging.basicConfig(level = default_level)\n\ndef func():\n    logging.info(\"start func\")\n\n    logging.info(\"exec func\")\n\n    logging.info(\"end func\")\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    setup_logging(default_path = \"logging.yaml\")\n    func()<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u4e8csubprocess\u6a21\u5757\">subprocess\u6a21\u5757<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>subprocess\u662fPython 2.4\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u7684 input\/output\/error \u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\uff08\u72b6\u6001\uff09\u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u66ff\u6362\u51e0\u4e2a\u65e7\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>os.system<\/li><li>os.spawn*<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"subprocess\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u51fd\u6570\">subprocess\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<table class=\"wp-block-table\"><thead><tr><th>\u51fd\u6570<\/th><th>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>subprocess.run()<\/td><td>Python 3.5\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6267\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684CompletedProcess\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>subprocess.call()<\/td><td>\u6267\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eos.system(cmd)\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>subprocess.check_call()<\/td><td>Python 2.5\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002 \u6267\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6267\u884c\u6210\u529f\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8esubprocess.run(..., check=True)\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>subprocess.check_output()<\/td><td>Python 2.7\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u7684\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6267\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4e3a0\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>subprocess.getoutput(cmd)<\/td><td>\u63a5\u6536\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eos.popen(cmd).read()\u548ccommands.getoutput(cmd)\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>subprocess.getstatusoutput(cmd)<\/td><td>\u6267\u884ccmd\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7ec4(\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001, \u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u8f93\u51fa)\uff0c\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8ecommands.getstatusoutput()\u3002<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>\u5728Python 3.5\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u63d0\u5021\u901a\u8fc7subprocess.run()\u51fd\u6570\u66ff\u4ee3\u5176\u4ed6\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u4f7f\u7528subproccess\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1b<\/li><li>\u5728Python 3.5\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7subprocess.call()\uff0csubprocess.getoutput()\u7b49\u4e0a\u9762\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u4f7f\u7528subprocess\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1b<\/li><li>subprocess.run()\u3001subprocess.call()\u3001subprocess.check_call()\u548csubprocess.check_output()\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9subprocess.Popen\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u529f\u80fd\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7subprocess.Popen\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/li><li>subprocess.getoutput()\u548csubprocess.getstatusoutput()\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u6765\u81eaPython 2.x\u7684commands\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u9057\u7559\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u9690\u5f0f\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u7cfb\u7edfshell\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5176\u4ed6\u51fd\u6570\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ecePython 3.3.4\u5f00\u59cb\u624d\u652f\u6301Windows\u5e73\u53f0\u3002<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u4e0a\u9762\u5404\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ca\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\">\u4e0a\u9762\u5404\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ca\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\">\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>subprocess.run(args, *, stdin=None, input=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, shell=False, timeout=None, check=False, universal_newlines=False)\n\nsubprocess.call(args, *, stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, shell=False, timeout=None)\n\nsubprocess.check_call(args, *, stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, shell=False, timeout=None)\n\nsubprocess.check_output(args, *, stdin=None, stderr=None, shell=False, universal_newlines=False, timeout=None)\n\nsubprocess.getstatusoutput(cmd)\n\nsubprocess.getoutput(cmd)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\">\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong><em>args\uff1a<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684shell\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5982['df', '-Th']\u6216('df', '-Th')\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5982'df -Th'\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6b64\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u628ashell\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u503c\u7f6e\u4e3aTrue\u3002<\/li><li><strong><em>shell\uff1a<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;\u5982\u679cshell\u4e3aTrue\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7shell\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u67d0\u4e9bshell\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u7ba1\u9053\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u3001\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6269\u5c55\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0cpython\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7c7b\u4f3cshell\u7684\u7279\u6027\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5982glob\u3001fnmatch\u3001os.walk()\u3001os.path.expandvars()\u3001os.expanduser()\u548cshutil\u7b49\u3002<\/li><li><strong><em>check\uff1a<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;\u5982\u679ccheck\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u503c\u662fTrue\uff0c\u4e14\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ee5\u975e0\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u9000\u51fa\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aCalledProcessError\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e14\u8be5\u5f02\u5e38\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f1a\u5305\u542b \u53c2\u6570\u3001\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3001\u4ee5\u53castdout\u548cstderr(\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u88ab\u6355\u83b7\u7684\u8bdd)\u3002<\/li><li><strong><em>stdout, stderr\uff1a<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>run()\u51fd\u6570\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6355\u83b7\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5411\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u9012subprocess.PIPE\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd4\u56de\u7684CompletedProcess\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684stdout\u548cstderr\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u6355\u83b7\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1b<\/li><li>call()\u548ccheck_call()\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662fCompletedProcess\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u800c\u8a00\uff0cstdout\u548cstderr\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3asubprocess.PIPE\uff1b<\/li><li>check_output()\u51fd\u6570\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7528\u8bbe\u7f6estdout\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u6355\u83b7\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884cstderr=subprocess.STDOUT\u3002<\/li><li><strong><em>input\uff1a<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9Popen.communicate()\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u503c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5982\u679cuniversal_newlines=True\uff0c\u5219\u5176\u503c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/li><li><strong><em>universal_newlines\uff1a<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u662f\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3aFalse\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6stdout\u548cstderr\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u5217\uff1b\u5f53\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u503c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aTrue\u65f6\uff0cstdout\u548cstderr\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"subprocess.completedprocess\u7c7b\u4ecb\u7ecd\">subprocess.CompletedProcess\u7c7b\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0csubprocess.run()\u51fd\u6570\u662fPython3.5\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2asubprocess.CompletedPorcess\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0csubprocess.completedPorcess\u7c7b\u4e5f\u662fPython 3.5\u4e2d\u624d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ed3\u675f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong><em>args\uff1a<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;\u7528\u4e8e\u52a0\u8f7d\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/li><li><strong><em>returncode\uff1a<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4e3a0\u5219\u8868\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6210\u529f\u8fd0\u884c\u4e86\uff1b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d1f\u503c-N\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u88ab\u4fe1\u53f7N\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e86<\/li><li><strong><em>stdout\uff1a<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;\u4ece\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6355\u83b7\u7684stdout\u3002\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5982\u679crun()\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u6307\u5b9auniversal_newlines=True\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u5c5e\u6027\u503c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5982\u679crun()\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u6307\u5b9astderr=subprocess.STDOUT\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48stdout\u548cstderr\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u6574\u5408\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e14stderr\u5c06\u4f1a\u4e3aNone<\/li><li><strong><em>stderr\uff1a<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;\u4ece\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6355\u83b7\u7684stderr\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u4e0estdout\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u5217\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5982\u679cstderr\u706d\u6709\u88ab\u6355\u83b7\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u5c31\u4e3aNone<\/li><li><strong><em>check_returncode()\uff1a<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;\u5982\u679creturncode\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e0\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aCalledProcessError\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u5b9e\u4f8b\"> \u5b9e\u4f8b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"subprocess.run\">subprocess.run()<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>>>> subprocess.run([\"ls\", \"-l\"])  # doesn't capture output\nCompletedProcess(args=['ls', '-l'], returncode=0)\n\n>>> subprocess.run(\"exit 1\", shell=True, check=True)\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nsubprocess.CalledProcessError: Command 'exit 1' returned non-zero exit status 1\n\n>>> subprocess.run([\"ls\", \"-l\", \"\/dev\/null\"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)\nCompletedProcess(args=['ls', '-l', '\/dev\/null'], returncode=0,\nstdout=b'crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 3 Jan 23 16:23 \/dev\/null\\n')<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"subprocess.call\">subprocess.call()<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>>>> subprocess.call(['ls',  '-l'])\n\u603b\u7528\u91cf 160\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u516c\u5171\u7684\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u6a21\u677f\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u89c6\u9891\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u56fe\u7247\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u6587\u6863\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096  4\u6708 13  2016 \u4e0b\u8f7d\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u97f3\u4e50\ndrwxr-xr-x  7 wader wader   4096  5\u6708 26  2016 \u684c\u9762\n0\n>>> subprocess.call('ls -l', shell=True)\n\u603b\u7528\u91cf 160\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u516c\u5171\u7684\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u6a21\u677f\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u89c6\u9891\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u56fe\u7247\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u6587\u6863\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096  4\u6708 13  2016 \u4e0b\u8f7d\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u97f3\u4e50\ndrwxr-xr-x  7 wader wader   4096  5\u6708 26  2016 \u684c\u9762\n0\n>>> subprocess.call(['ls',  '-l'], stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL)\n0\n>>> subprocess.call(['ls',  '-l', '\/test'])\nls: \u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\/test: \u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\n2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"suprocess.check_call\">suprocess.check_call()<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>>>> subprocess.check_call(['ls',  '-l'])\n\u603b\u7528\u91cf 160\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u516c\u5171\u7684\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u6a21\u677f\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u89c6\u9891\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u56fe\u7247\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u6587\u6863\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096  4\u6708 13  2016 \u4e0b\u8f7d\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u97f3\u4e50\ndrwxr-xr-x  7 wader wader   4096  5\u6708 26  2016 \u684c\u9762\n0\n>>> subprocess.check_call('ls -l', shell=True)\n\u603b\u7528\u91cf 160\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u516c\u5171\u7684\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u6a21\u677f\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u89c6\u9891\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u56fe\u7247\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u6587\u6863\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096  4\u6708 13  2016 \u4e0b\u8f7d\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u97f3\u4e50\ndrwxr-xr-x  7 wader wader   4096  5\u6708 26  2016 \u684c\u9762\n0\n>>> subprocess.check_call('ls -l \/test', shell=True)\nls: \u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\/test: \u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n  File \"&lt;stdin>\", line 1, in &lt;module>\n  File \"\/usr\/lib\/python3.4\/subprocess.py\", line 557, in check_call\n    raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)\nsubprocess.CalledProcessError: Command 'ls -l \/test' returned non-zero exit status 2\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sbuprocess.check_output\">sbuprocess.check_output()<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>>>> ret = subprocess.check_output(['ls',  '-l'])\n>>> print(ret)\nb' \\xe5\\x85\\xac\\xe5\\x85\\xb1\\xe7\\x9a\\x84\\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\\xe6\\x9c\\x88  7  2015 \\xe6\\xa8\\xa1\\xe6\\x9d\\xbf\\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\\xe6\\x9c\\x88  7  2015 \\xe8\\xa7\\x86\\xe9\\xa2\\x91\\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\\xe6\\x9c\\x88  7  2015 \\xe5\\x9b\\xbe\\xe7\\x89\\x87\\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\\xe6\\x9c\\x88  7  2015 \\xe6\\x96\\x87\\xe6\\xa1\\xa3\\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096  4\\xe6\\x9c\\x88 13  2016 \\xe4\\xb8\\x8b\\xe8\\xbd\\xbd\\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\\xe6\\x9c\\x88  7  2015 \\xe9\\x9f\\xb3\\xe4\\xb9\\x90\\ndrwxr-xr-x  7 wader wader   4096  5\\xe6\\x9c\\x88 26  2016 \\xe6\\xa1\\x8c\\xe9\\x9d\\xa2\\n'\n>>> ret = subprocess.check_output(['ls',  '-l'], universal_newlines=True)\n>>> print(ret)\n\u603b\u7528\u91cf 160\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u516c\u5171\u7684\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u6a21\u677f\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u89c6\u9891\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u56fe\u7247\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u6587\u6863\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096  4\u6708 13  2016 \u4e0b\u8f7d\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u97f3\u4e50\ndrwxr-xr-x  7 wader wader   4096  5\u6708 26  2016 \u684c\u9762<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"subprocess.getoutput\u4e0esubprocess.getstatusoutput\">subprocess.getoutput()\u4e0esubprocess.getstatusoutput()<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>>>> ret = subprocess.getoutput('ls -l')\n>>> print(ret)\n\u603b\u7528\u91cf 160\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u516c\u5171\u7684\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u6a21\u677f\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u89c6\u9891\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u56fe\u7247\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u6587\u6863\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096  4\u6708 13  2016 \u4e0b\u8f7d\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u97f3\u4e50\ndrwxr-xr-x  7 wader wader   4096  5\u6708 26  2016 \u684c\u9762\n>>> retcode, output = subprocess.getstatusoutput('ls -l')\n>>> print(retcode)\n0\n>>> print(output)\n\u603b\u7528\u91cf 160\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u516c\u5171\u7684\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u6a21\u677f\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u89c6\u9891\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u56fe\u7247\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u6587\u6863\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096  4\u6708 13  2016 \u4e0b\u8f7d\ndrwxr-xr-x  2 wader wader   4096 12\u6708  7  2015 \u97f3\u4e50\ndrwxr-xr-x  7 wader wader   4096  5\u6708 26  2016 \u684c\u9762\n>>> retcode, output = subprocess.getstatusoutput('ls -l \/test')\n>>> print(retcode)\n2\n>>> print(output)\nls: \u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\/test: \u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u4e09subprocess.popen\u4ecb\u7ecd\">subprocess.Popen\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8be5\u7c7b\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u524d\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8esubprocess.Popen\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88ab\u5c01\u88c5\u540e\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u7531\u4e8esubprocess\u6a21\u5757\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u7531Popen\u7c7b\u6765\u5904\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u9762\u54ea\u4e9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u592a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u65f6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7subprocess.Popen\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u7684api\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"subprocess.popen\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\">subprocess.Popen\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>class subprocess.Popen(args, bufsize=-1, executable=None, stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, \n    preexec_fn=None, close_fds=True, shell=False, cwd=None, env=None, universal_newlines=False,\n    startup_info=None, creationflags=0, restore_signals=True, start_new_session=False, pass_fds=())<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong><em>args\uff1a<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684shell\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u5404\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u5f53\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u503c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u4e0e\u5e73\u53f0\u76f8\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u5e38\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06args\u53c2\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u4f20\u9012\u3002<\/li><li><strong><em>bufsize\uff1a<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;\u6307\u5b9a\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\uff0c0\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u7f13\u51b2\uff0c1\u8868\u793a\u884c\u7f13\u51b2\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u4e8e1\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u8d1f\u6570 \u8868\u793a\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f13\u51b2\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/li><li><strong><em>stdin, stdout, stderr\uff1a<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u3001\u8f93\u51fa\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u53e5\u67c4\u3002<\/li><li><strong><em>preexec_fn\uff1a<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06\u5728\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u53ea\u5728Unix\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/li><li><strong><em>close_fds\uff1a<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u503c\u4e3aTrue\uff0c\u5219\u9664\u4e860,1\u548c2\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u90fd\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\u88ab\u5173\u95ed\u3002<\/li><li><strong><em>shell\uff1a<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u8bc6\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528shell\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5982\u679cshell\u503c\u4e3aTrue\uff0c\u5219\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06args\u53c2\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f20\u9012\u800c\u4e0d\u8981\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u4f20\u9012\u3002<\/li><li><strong><em>cwd\uff1a<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u503c\u4e0d\u662fNone\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u524d\u6539\u53d8\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li><li><strong><em>env\uff1a<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5982\u679cenv=None\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5c06\u4ece\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7ee7\u627f\u3002\u5982\u679cenv!=None\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6620\u5c04\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/li><li><strong><em>universal_newlines\uff1a<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u503c\u4e3aTrue\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684stdin\uff0cstdout\u548cstderr\u5c06\u4f1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u672c\u6d41\u88ab\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6d41\u88ab\u6253\u5f00\u3002<\/li><li><strong><em>startupinfo\u548ccreationflags\uff1a<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u53ea\u5728Windows\u4e0b\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c06\u88ab\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u5e95\u5c42\u7684CreateProcess()\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u4e3b\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u5916\u89c2\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7b49\u3002<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"subprocess.popen\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53ef\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\">subprocess.Popen\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53ef\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<table class=\"wp-block-table\"><thead><tr><th>\u65b9\u6cd5<\/th><th>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Popen.poll()<\/td><td>\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u67e5\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff08\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u6ca1\u7ed3\u675f\u8fd4\u56deNone\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Popen.wait(timeout=None)<\/td><td>\u7b49\u5f85\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5728timeout\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u79d2\u6570\u4e4b\u540e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aTimeoutExpired\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Popen.communicate(input=None, timeout=None)<\/td><td>\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5230stdin\uff0c\u4ecestdout\u548cstderr\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5230\u8fbe\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Popen.send_signal(signal)<\/td><td>\u53d1\u9001\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Popen.terminate()<\/td><td>\u505c\u6b62\u8be5\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Popen.kill()<\/td><td>\u6740\u6b7b\u8be5\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u5173\u4e8ecommunicate\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\">\u5173\u4e8ecommunicate()\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u9009\u53c2\u6570 input \u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5c06\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u5e94\u8be5\u662fNone\u3002input\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5b57\u8282\u4e32\uff0c\u5982\u679cuniversal_newlines\u53c2\u6570\u503c\u4e3aTrue\uff0c\u5219input\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/li><li>\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7ec4(stdout_data, stderr_data)\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5c06\u4f1a\u662f\u5b57\u8282\u7a7f\u6216\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u5982\u679cuniversal_newlines\u7684\u503c\u4e3aTrue\uff09\u3002<\/li><li>\u5982\u679c\u5728timeout\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u79d2\u6570\u540e\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aTimeoutExpired\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u6355\u83b7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u5c1d\u8bd5\u901a\u4fe1\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u4efb\u4f55\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8d85\u65f6\u4e4b\u540e\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u6740\u6b7b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5408\u7406\u7684\u6e05\u9664\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5e94\u8be5\u624b\u52a8\u6740\u6b7b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6765\u7ed3\u675f\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/li><li>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u7f13\u51b2\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u6216\u8005\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"subprocess.popen\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9e\u4f8b\">subprocess.Popen\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u5b9e\u4f8b1\">\u5b9e\u4f8b1\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>>>> import subprocess\n>>>\n>>> p = subprocess.Popen('df -Th', stdout=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True)\n>>> print(p.stdout.read())\nFilesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on\n\/dev\/vda1      ext4       40G   12G   26G  31% \/\ndevtmpfs       devtmpfs  3.9G     0  3.9G   0% \/dev\ntmpfs          tmpfs     3.9G     0  3.9G   0% \/dev\/shm\ntmpfs          tmpfs     3.9G  386M  3.5G  10% \/run\ntmpfs          tmpfs     3.9G     0  3.9G   0% \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\ntmpfs          tmpfs     783M     0  783M   0% \/run\/user\/0\ntmpfs          tmpfs     783M     0  783M   0% \/run\/user\/1000<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u5b9e\u4f8b2\">\u5b9e\u4f8b2\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>>>> obj = subprocess.Popen([\"python\"], stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)\n>>> obj.stdin.write('print(1) \\n')\n>>> obj.stdin.write('print(2) \\n')\n>>> obj.stdin.write('print(3) \\n')\n>>> out,err = obj.communicate()\n>>> print(out)\n1\n2\n3\n\n>>> print(err)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u5b9e\u4f8b3\">\u5b9e\u4f8b3\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>>>> obj = subprocess.Popen([\"python\"], stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)\n>>> out,err = obj.communicate(input='print(1) \\n')\n>>> print(out)\n1\n\n>>> print(err)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u5b9e\u4f8b4\">\u5b9e\u4f8b4\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9e\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3c<code>df -Th | grep data<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0shell\u4e2d\u7ba1\u9053\u7684\u5171\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>>>> \n>>> p1 = subprocess.Popen(['df', '-Th'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)\n>>> p2 = subprocess.Popen(['grep', 'data'], stdin=p1.stdout, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)\n>>> out,err = p2.communicate()\n>>> print(out)\n\/dev\/vdb1      ext4      493G  4.8G  463G   2% \/data\n\/dev\/vdd1      ext4     1008G  420G  537G  44% \/data1\n\/dev\/vde1      ext4      985G  503G  432G  54% \/data2\n\n>>> print(err)\nNone<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u56db\u603b\u7ed3\">\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5230\u5e95\u8be5\u7528\u54ea\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u54ea\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ca\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u5462\uff1f\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u505a\u4e2a\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>\u9996\u5148\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u662f\uff0cPython2.4\u7248\u672c\u5f15\u5165\u4e86subprocess\u6a21\u5757\u7528\u6765\u66ff\u6362os.system()\u3001os.popen()\u3001os.spawn*()\u7b49\u51fd\u6570\u4ee5\u53cacommands\u6a21\u5757\uff1b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662fPython 2.4\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u7248\u672c\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528subprocess\u6a21\u5757\u4e86\u3002<\/li><li>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u7684Python 2.4\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u662fPython 3.5\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0cPython\u5b98\u65b9\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u662f\u4f7f\u7528subprocess.call()\u51fd\u6570\u3002Python 2.5\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2asubprocess.check_call()\u51fd\u6570\uff0cPython 2.7\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2asubprocess.check_output()\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u9700\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li><li>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662fPython 3.5\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff08\u76ee\u524d\u5e94\u8be5\u8fd8\u5f88\u5c11\uff09\uff0cPython\u5b98\u65b9\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u662f\u5c3d\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528subprocess.run()\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/li><li>\u5f53subprocess.call()\u3001subprocess.check_call()\u3001subprocess.check_output()\u548csubprocess.run()\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u51fd\u6570\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u9700\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528subprocess.Popen\u7c7b\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684\u590d\u6742\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnblogs.com\/tjuyuan\/p\/6795860.html\">js<strong>on ,pickle\u6a21\u5757<\/strong><\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>JSON(JavaScript&nbsp;Object Notation, JS \u5bf9\u8c61\u6807\u8bb0) \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u683c\u5f0f\u3002JSON\u7684\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662fpython\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fpython\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u5904\u7406json\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u2014\u2014 json \u548c picle\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; Json &nbsp; \u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a dumps\u3001dump\u3001loads\u3001loadpickle \u6a21\u5757\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u56db\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\uff1adumps\u3001dump\u3001loads\u3001load&nbsp;\u4e00. dumps \u548c dump:&nbsp;dumps\u548cdump &nbsp; \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5&nbsp;dumps\u53ea\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u4e3astr\uff0c&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;dump\u5fc5\u987b\u4f20\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\uff0c\u5c06\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u7684str\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d&nbsp;\u67e5\u770b\u6e90\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">def dumps(obj, skipkeys=False, ensure_ascii=True, check_circular=True,\n        allow_nan=True, cls=None, indent=None, separators=None,\n        default=None, sort_keys=False, **kw):\n    # Serialize ``obj`` to a JSON formatted ``str``.\n    # \u5e8f\u5217\u53f7 \u201cobj\u201d \u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a JSON\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 <\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">def dump(obj, fp, skipkeys=False, ensure_ascii=True, check_circular=True,\n        allow_nan=True, cls=None, indent=None, separators=None,\n        default=None, sort_keys=False, **kw):\n    \"\"\"Serialize ``obj`` as a JSON formatted stream to ``fp`` (a\n    ``.write()``-supporting file-like object).\n     \u6211\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u662f\u5c06\u201dobj\u201c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aJSON\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u662f\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5199\u5165\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26fp\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u7684\u53c2\u6570 \"\"\"<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">&gt;&gt;&gt; import json\n&gt;&gt;&gt; json.dumps([])    # dumps\u53ef\u4ee5\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u6240\u6709\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\n'[]'\n&gt;&gt;&gt; json.dumps(1)    # \u6570\u5b57\n'1'\n&gt;&gt;&gt; json.dumps('1')   # \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\n'\"1\"'\n&gt;&gt;&gt; dict = {\"name\":\"Tom\", \"age\":23}  \n&gt;&gt;&gt; json.dumps(dict)     # \u5b57\u5178\n'{\"name\": \"Tom\", \"age\": 23}'<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">a = {\"name\":\"Tom\", \"age\":23}\nwith open(\"test.json\", \"w\", encoding='utf-8') as f:\n    # indent \u8d85\u7ea7\u597d\u7528\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u4fdd\u5b58\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3aNone\uff0c\u5c0f\u4e8e0\u4e3a\u96f6\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\n    f.write(json.dumps(a, indent=4))\n    # json.dump(a,f,indent=4)   # \u548c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6548\u679c\u4e00\u6837<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e8c. loads \u548c load&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>loads\u548cload &nbsp;\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;loads \u53ea\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\uff0c&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;load \u53ea\u63a5\u6536\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u67e5\u770b\u6e90\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">def loads(s, encoding=None, cls=None, object_hook=None, parse_float=None, parse_int=None, parse_constant=None, object_pairs_hook=None, **kw):\n    \"\"\"Deserialize ``s`` (a ``str`` instance containing a JSON document) to a Python object.\n       \u5c06\u5305\u542bstr\u7c7b\u578b\u7684JSON\u6587\u6863\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2apython\u5bf9\u8c61\"\"\"<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">def load(fp, cls=None, object_hook=None, parse_float=None, parse_int=None, parse_constant=None, object_pairs_hook=None, **kw):\n    \"\"\"Deserialize ``fp`` (a ``.read()``-supporting file-like object containing a JSON document) to a Python object.\n        \u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542bJSON\u683c\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6587\u4ef6\u996d\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2apython\u5bf9\u8c61\"\"\"<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">&gt;&gt;&gt; json.loads('{\"name\":\"Tom\", \"age\":23}')\n{'age': 23, 'name': 'Tom'}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">import json\nwith open(\"test.json\", \"r\", encoding='utf-8') as f:\n    aa = json.loads(f.read())\n    f.seek(0)\n    bb = json.load(f)    # \u4e0e json.loads(f.read())\nprint(aa)\nprint(bb)\n\n# \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a\n{'name': 'Tom', 'age': 23}\n{'name': 'Tom', 'age': 23}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e09. json \u548c pickle \u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;json\u6a21\u5757\u548cpickle\u6a21\u5757\u90fd\u6709 &nbsp;dumps\u3001dump\u3001loads\u3001load\u56db\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7528\u6cd5\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0d\u7528\u7684\u662fjson\u6a21\u5757\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u662f\u901a\u7528\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u666e\u901a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u800cpicle\u6a21\u5757\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u53ea\u6709python\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e71\u7801<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0d\u8fc7picle\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\u60f3\u7528\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u6709\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff08\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56db. python\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08obj\uff09 \u4e0ejson\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">    +-------------------+---------------+\n    | Python            | JSON          |\n    +===================+===============+\n    | dict              | object        |\n    +-------------------+---------------+\n    | list, tuple       | array         |\n    +-------------------+---------------+\n    | str               | string        |\n    +-------------------+---------------+\n    | int, float        | number        |\n    +-------------------+---------------+\n    | True              | true          |\n    +-------------------+---------------+\n    | False             | false         |\n    +-------------------+---------------+\n    | None              | null          |\n    +-------------------+---------------+<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u4e94. \u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;1. json\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; dumps\uff1a\u65e0\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;dump\uff1a\u5e8f\u5217\u5316+\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; 2. json\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; loads\uff1a\u65e0\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;load\uff1a \u8bfb\u6587\u4ef6+\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; 3. json\u6a21\u5757\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u7684\u6570\u636e \u66f4\u901a\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; picle\u6a21\u5757\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u7684\u6570\u636e \u4ec5python\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; 4. json\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u548c\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u7684 &nbsp;\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b \u89c1 &nbsp;python\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08obj\uff09 \u4e0ejson\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; 5. \u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u5229\u7528 &nbsp;indent = 4&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ElementTree\u662fpython\u7684XML\u5904\u7406\u6a21\u5757<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">&nbsp;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>ElementTree\u662fpython\u7684XML\u5904\u7406\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5b83\u5728Python2.5\u4ee5\u540e\u6210\u4e3aPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u662fPython2.4\u4e4b\u524d\u9700\u8981\u5355\u72ec\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528ElementTree\u6a21\u5757\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981import xml.etree.ElementTree\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002ElementTree\u8868\u793a\u6574\u4e2aXML\u8282\u70b9\u6811\uff0c\u800cElement\u8868\u793a\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3002<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6784\u5efa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>ElementTree(tag)\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dtag\u8868\u793a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2aElementTree\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002Element(tag, attrib={}, **extra)\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u6765\u6784\u9020XML\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dtag\u8868\u793a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0cattrib\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002SubElement(parent, tag, attrib={}, **extra)\u7528\u6765\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9Element.text\u548cSubElement.text\u8868\u793aelement\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c5e\u6027\uff0cElement.tag\u548cElement.attrib\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793aelement\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\u3002ElementTree.write(file, encoding='us-ascii', xml_declaration=None, default_namespace=None, method='xml')\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aXML\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c06\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165XML\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">#encoding=utf-8\nimport xml.etree.ElementTree as ET\n\n#\u65b0\u5efaxml\u6587\u4ef6\ndef buildNewsXmlFile():\n        #\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5176\u6807\u7b7e\u4e3aroot\n        root = ET.Element(\"root\")\n\n        #\u5728root\u4e0b\u65b0\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u8282\u70b9,\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u5206\u522b\u4e3asina\u548cchinabyte\n        sina = ET.SubElement(root, \"sina\")\n        chinabyte = ET.SubElement(root, \"chinabyte\")\n\n        #\u5728sina\u4e0b\u65b0\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5176\u8282\u70b9\u540d\u79f0\u5206\u522b\u4e3anumber\u548cfirst\n        sina_number = ET.SubElement(sina, \"number\")\n        sina_number.text = \"1\"\n        sina_first = ET.SubElement(sina, \"first\")\n        sina_first.text = \"http:\/\/roll.tech.sina.com.cn\/internet_all\/index_1.shtml\"\n\n        #\u5728chinabyte\u4e0b\u65b0\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5176\u8282\u70b9\u540d\u79f0\u4e3anumber\u548cfirst\n        chinabyte_number = ET.SubElement(chinabyte, \"number\")\n        chinabyte_number.text = \"1\"\n        chinabyte_first = ET.SubElement(chinabyte, \"first\")\n        chinabyte_first.text = \"http:\/\/www.chinabyte.com\/more\/124566.shtml\"\n\n        #\u5c06\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u4fe1\u606f\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728ElementTree\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3aXML\u683c\u5f0f\u6587\u4ef6\n        tree = ET.ElementTree(root)\n        tree.write(\"urlfile.xml\")<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/img.blog.csdn.net\/20131012102227562\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u4fee\u6539XML\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>ElementTree.parse(source, parser=None)\uff0c\u5c06xml\u6587\u4ef6\u52a0\u8f7d\u5e76\u8fd4\u56deElementTree\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002parser\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u7684XMLParser\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002<br>ElementTree.getroot()\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684element\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<br>Element.remove(tag)\uff0c\u5220\u9664root\u4e0b\u540d\u79f0\u4e3atag\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9<br>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51fd\u6570\uff0cElementTree\u548cElement\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u3002find(match)\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5339\u914dmatch\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff0cmatch\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u7b7e\u540d\u79f0\u6216\u8005\u662f\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u4e2aelementfindtext(match,default=None)\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u7684match\u7684element\u7684\u5185\u5bb9findall(match)\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u5339\u914dmatch\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff0cmatch\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u7b7e\u6216\u8005\u662f\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2alist\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u5339\u914d\u7684elements\u7684\u4fe1\u606fiter(tag)\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684iterator\u3002<br>\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u4e2axml\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">&lt;?xml version=\"1.0\"?&gt;\n&lt;data&gt;\n    &lt;country name=\"Liechtenstein\"&gt;\n        &lt;rank&gt;1&lt;\/rank&gt;\n        &lt;year&gt;2008&lt;\/year&gt;\n        &lt;gdppc&gt;141100&lt;\/gdppc&gt;\n        &lt;neighbor name=\"Austria\" direction=\"E\"\/&gt;\n        &lt;neighbor name=\"Switzerland\" direction=\"W\"\/&gt;\n    &lt;\/country&gt;\n    &lt;country name=\"Singapore\"&gt;\n        &lt;rank&gt;4&lt;\/rank&gt;\n        &lt;year&gt;2011&lt;\/year&gt;\n        &lt;gdppc&gt;59900&lt;\/gdppc&gt;\n        &lt;neighbor name=\"Malaysia\" direction=\"N\"\/&gt;\n    &lt;\/country&gt;\n    &lt;country name=\"Panama\"&gt;\n        &lt;rank&gt;68&lt;\/rank&gt;\n        &lt;year&gt;2011&lt;\/year&gt;\n        &lt;gdppc&gt;13600&lt;\/gdppc&gt;\n        &lt;neighbor name=\"Costa Rica\" direction=\"W\"\/&gt;\n        &lt;neighbor name=\"Colombia\" direction=\"E\"\/&gt;\n    &lt;\/country&gt;\n&lt;\/data&gt;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u89e3\u6790xml\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">#\u89e3\u6790Xml\u6587\u4ef6\ndef parseXmlFile(xml_name):\n        #\u5c06XMl\u6587\u4ef6\u52a0\u8f7d\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2aELementTree\u5bf9\u8c61\n        tree = ET.parse(xml_name)\n\n        #\u5f97\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5339\u914dsina\u6807\u7b7e\u7684Element\u5bf9\u8c61\n        sina = tree.find(\"contry\")\n\n        #\u5f97\u5230sina\u7684SubElement\n        for sub_tag in sina:\n                print sub_tag.text\n\n        #\u5f97\u5230\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914dsina\u6807\u7b7e\u7684Element\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684list\u96c6\u5408\n        list_contry = tree.findall(\"contry\")\n\n        for contry in list_contry:\n                for sub_tag in contry:\n                        print sub_tag.text\n\t#\u4fee\u6539xml\u6587\u4ef6\n        for rank in tree.iter('rank')\n        new_rank = int(rank.text)+1\n        rank.text = str(new_rank)\n        rank.set('updated', 'yes')\n        tree.write(xml_name)\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\uff1a1\uff0c2008\uff0c14100\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\uff1a1\uff0c2008\uff0c14100\uff0c4\uff0c2011\uff0c59900\uff0c68\uff0c2011\uff0c13600\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684xml\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">&lt;?xml version=\"1.0\"?&gt;\n&lt;data&gt;\n    &lt;country name=\"Liechtenstein\"&gt;\n        &lt;rank updated=\"yes\"&gt;2&lt;\/rank&gt;\n        &lt;year&gt;2008&lt;\/year&gt;\n        &lt;gdppc&gt;141100&lt;\/gdppc&gt;\n        &lt;neighbor name=\"Austria\" direction=\"E\"\/&gt;\n        &lt;neighbor name=\"Switzerland\" direction=\"W\"\/&gt;\n    &lt;\/country&gt;\n    &lt;country name=\"Singapore\"&gt;\n        &lt;rank updated=\"yes\"&gt;5&lt;\/rank&gt;\n        &lt;year&gt;2011&lt;\/year&gt;\n        &lt;gdppc&gt;59900&lt;\/gdppc&gt;\n        &lt;neighbor name=\"Malaysia\" direction=\"N\"\/&gt;\n    &lt;\/country&gt;\n    &lt;country name=\"Panama\"&gt;\n        &lt;rank updated=\"yes\"&gt;69&lt;\/rank&gt;\n        &lt;year&gt;2011&lt;\/year&gt;\n        &lt;gdppc&gt;13600&lt;\/gdppc&gt;\n        &lt;neighbor name=\"Costa Rica\" direction=\"W\"\/&gt;\n        &lt;neighbor name=\"Colombia\" direction=\"E\"\/&gt;\n    &lt;\/country&gt;\n&lt;\/data&gt;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">&nbsp;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"configparser-\u7b80\u4ecb\">configparser \u7b80\u4ecb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>configparser \u662f Pyhton \u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u6790\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5185\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5b57\u5178\u975e\u5e38\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002Python2.x \u4e2d\u540d\u4e3a ConfigParser\uff0c3.x \u5df2\u66f4\u540d\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u5e76\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u3002<br>\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>[DEFAULT]\nServerAliveInterval = 45\nCompression = yes\nCompressionLevel = 9\nForwardX11 = yes\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">[bitbucket.org]<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\nUser = Tom\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">[topsecret.com]<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\nPort: 50022\nForwardX11: no<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c[ ]\u201d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u4e3a section\uff0csection \u4e0b\u9762\u4e3a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e key - value \u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u5185\u5bb9\uff1b<br>configparser \u9ed8\u8ba4\u652f\u6301 \u2018=\u2019 \u2018\uff1a\u2019 \u4e24\u79cd\u5206\u9694\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"configparser-\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\">configparser \u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5b9e\u4f8b\">\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 configparser \u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e76\u8bfb\u53d6\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>>>> import configparser\n>>> config = configparser.ConfigParser()    # \u6ce8\u610f\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\n>>> config.read(\"config.ini\")   # \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\n[\"config.ini\"]<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u5b57\u5178<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>>>> parser = configparser.ConfigParser()\n>>> parser.read_dict({'section1': {'key1': 'value1',\n...                                'key2': 'value2',\n...                                'key3': 'value3'},\n...                   'section2': {'keyA': 'valueA',\n...                                'keyB': 'valueB',\n...                                'keyC': 'valueC'},\n...                   'section3': {'foo': 'x',\n...                                'bar': 'y',\n...                                'baz': 'z'}\n... })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">&nbsp;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709-sections\">\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709 sections<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>>>> config.sections()\n['bitbucket.org', 'topsecret.com']    # \u6ce8\u610f\u4f1a\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6389[DEFAULT]<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">&nbsp;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a-section-\u7684-keys-values\">\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a section \u7684 keys &amp; values<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>>>> config.items('topsecret.com')\n>>>> [('port', '50022'), ('forwardx11', 'no')]    # \u6ce8\u610fitems()\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f1a\u5168\u53d8\u6210\u5c0f\u5199<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">&nbsp;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a-section-\u7684-keys\">\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a section \u7684 keys<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>>>> config.options('topsecret.com')\n['Port', 'ForwardX11']<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>>>> for option in config['topsecret.com']:\n...     print(option)\nPort\nForwardX11<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a-key-\u7684-value\">\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a key \u7684 value<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>>>> config['bitbucket.org']['User']\n'Tom'<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>>>> config.get('bitbucket.org', 'User')\n'Tom'\n>>> config.getint('topsecret.com', 'Port')\n50022<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u68c0\u67e5\">\u68c0\u67e5<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>>>> 'DEFAULT' in config\nTrue\n>>> 'test' in config['section_test']\nFalse\n>>> 'Tom' in config['bitbucket.org']['User']\nTrue<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>>>> config.has_section('bitbucket.org')\nTrue\n>>> config.has_option('section_test', 'test')\nFalse<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u6dfb\u52a0\">\u6dfb\u52a0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>>>> config.add_section('Section_1')\n>>> config.set('Section_1', 'key_1', 'value_1')    # \u6ce8\u610f\u952e\u503c\u662f\u7528set()\u65b9\u6cd5\n>>> config.write(open('config.ini', 'w'))    # \u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5199\u5165\u624d\u751f\u6548<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u5220\u9664\">\u5220\u9664<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>>>> config.remove_option('Section_1', 'key_1')\nTrue\n>>> config.remove_section('Section_1')\nTrue\n>>> config.clear()  # \u6e05\u7a7a\u9664[DEFAULT]\u4e4b\u5916\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\n>>> config.write(open('config.ini', 'w'))<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u5173\u4e8e-default\">\u5173\u4e8e [DEFAULT]<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>[DEFAULT] \u4e00\u822c\u5305\u542b ini \u683c\u5f0f\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u9879\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 configparser \u90e8\u5206\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8df3\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a section \u3002<br>\u524d\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u5230 sections() \u662f\u83b7\u53d6\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5220\u9664\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9 [DEFAULT] \u4e5f\u65e0\u6548\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>>>> config.remove_section('DEFAULT')\nFalse\n>>> config.clear()\n>>> 'DEFAULT' in config\nTrue\n>>> 'ForwardX11' in config['DEFAULT']\nTrue\n>>> config.sections()\n[]<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u6307\u5b9a\u5220\u9664\u548c\u4fee\u6539 [DEFAULT] \u91cc\u7684 keys &amp; values \u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>>>> config.remove_option('DEFAULT', 'ForwardX11')\nTrue\n>>> config.set('DEFAULT', 'ForwardX11','no')\n>>> config['DEFAULT']['ForwardX11']\n'no'<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd8\u6709\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u662f\uff0chas_section() \u4e5f\u65e0\u6548\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c in \u533a\u522b\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>>>> config.has_section('DEFAULT')\nFalse\n>>> 'DEFAULT' in config\nTrue<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>\u66f4\u591a\u7528\u6cd5\u8bf7\u770b\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3.6\/library\/configparser.html\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3.6\/library\/configparser.html<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>randmon\uff08\u83b7\u53d6\u968f\u673a\u6570\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>random.random<br><\/strong>random.random()\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a0\u52301\u7684\u968f\u673a\u7b26\u70b9\u6570: 0 &lt;= n &lt; 1.0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>random.uniform<br><\/strong>random.uniform(a, b)\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u968f\u673a\u7b26\u70b9\u6570\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u4e0a\u9650\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u4e0b\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679ca &gt; b\uff0c\u5219\u751f\u6210\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6570n: a &lt;= n &lt;= b\u3002\u5982\u679c a &lt;b\uff0c \u5219 b &lt;= n &lt;= a\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801&nbsp;\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b:<br>print random.uniform(10, 20)<br>print random.uniform(20, 10)<br># 18.7356606526<br># 12.5798298022&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>random.randint<br><\/strong>random.randint(a, b)\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u6574\u6570\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u53c2\u6570a\u662f\u4e0b\u9650\uff0c\u53c2\u6570b\u662f\u4e0a\u9650\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6570n: a &lt;= n &lt;= b\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801&nbsp;\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b:<br>print random.randint(12, 20)&nbsp; # \u751f\u6210\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6570 n: 12 &lt;= n &lt;= 20<br>print random.randint(20, 20)&nbsp; # \u7ed3\u679c\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f20&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<br># print random.randint(20, 10)&nbsp; # \u8be5\u8bed\u53e5\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002\u4e0b\u9650\u5fc5\u987b\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e0a\u9650<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>random.randrange<br><\/strong>random.randrange([start], stop[, step])\uff0c\u4ece\u6307\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u6309\u6307\u5b9a\u57fa\u6570\u9012\u589e\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d \u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\u3002\u5982\uff1arandom.randrange(10, 100, 2)\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4ece[10, 12, 14, 16, ... 96, 98]\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\u3002random.randrange(10, 100, 2)\u5728\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0a\u4e0e random.choice(range(10, 100, 2) \u7b49\u6548<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>random.choice<br><\/strong>random.choice\u4ece\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5176\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\u4e3a\uff1arandom.choice(sequence)\u3002\u53c2\u6570sequence\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u8981\u8bf4\u660e \u4e00\u4e0b\uff1asequence\u5728python\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6cdb\u6307\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002list, tuple, \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8esequence\u3002\u6709\u5173sequence\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770bpython\u624b\u518c\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4f7f\u7528choice\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801&nbsp;\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b:<br>print random.choice(\"\u5b66\u4e60Python\")<br>print random.choice([\"JGood\", \"is\", \"a\", \"handsome\", \"boy\"])<br>print random.choice((\"Tuple\", \"List\", \"Dict\"))&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>random.shuffle<br><\/strong>random.shuffle(x[, random])\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6253\u4e71\u3002\u5982:\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801&nbsp;\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b:<br>p = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"powerful\", \"simple\", \"and so on...\"]<br>random.shuffle(p)<br>print p<br># ['powerful', 'simple', 'is', 'Python', 'and so on...']&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>random.sample<br><\/strong>random.sample(sequence, k)\uff0c\u4ece\u6307\u5b9a\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u7247\u65ad\u3002sample\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u6709\u5e8f\u5217\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801&nbsp;\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b:<br>list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]<br>slice = random.sample(list, 5)&nbsp; # \u4ecelist\u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u83b7\u53d65\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7247\u65ad\u8fd4\u56de<br>print slice<br>print list&nbsp; # \u539f\u6709\u5e8f\u5217\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u968f\u673a\u6574\u6570\uff1a\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801&nbsp;\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b:&gt;&gt;&gt; import random<br>&gt;&gt;&gt; random.randint(0,99)<br># 21<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u968f\u673a\u9009\u53d60\u5230100\u95f4\u7684\u5076\u6570\uff1a\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801&nbsp;\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b:&gt;&gt;&gt; import random<br>&gt;&gt;&gt; random.randrange(0, 101, 2)<br># 42<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u968f\u673a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\uff1a\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801&nbsp;\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b:&gt;&gt;&gt; import random<br>&gt;&gt;&gt; random.random()<br>0.85415370477785668<br>&gt;&gt;&gt; random.uniform(1, 10)<br># 5.4221167969800881<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u968f\u673a\u5b57\u7b26\uff1a\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801&nbsp;\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b:&gt;&gt;&gt; import random<br>&gt;&gt;&gt; random.choice('abcdefg&amp;#%^*f')<br># 'd'<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e2d\u9009\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff1a\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801&nbsp;\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b:&gt;&gt;&gt; import random<br>random.sample('abcdefghij', 3)<br># ['a', 'd', 'b']<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e2d\u9009\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7ec4\u6210\u65b0\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1a\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801&nbsp;\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b:&gt;&gt;&gt; import random<br>&gt;&gt;&gt; import string<br>&gt;&gt;&gt; string.join( random.sample(['a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j'], 3) ).replace(\" \",\"\")<br># 'fih'<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u968f\u673a\u9009\u53d6\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1a\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801&nbsp;\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b:&gt;&gt;&gt; import random<br>&gt;&gt;&gt; random.choice ( ['apple', 'pear', 'peach', 'orange', 'lemon'] )<br># 'lemon'<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6d17\u724c\uff1a\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801&nbsp;\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b:&gt;&gt;&gt; import random<br>&gt;&gt;&gt; items = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]<br>&gt;&gt;&gt; random.shuffle(items)<br>&gt;&gt;&gt; items<br># [3, 2, 5, 6, 4, 1] <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"shutil\u6a21\u5757\">shutil\u6a21\u5757<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>\u5f15\u5165\uff1a&nbsp;import shutil<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"copy\">copy()<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\n\u683c\u5f0f\uff1ashutil.copy('\u6765\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6','\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740')\n\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u590d\u5236\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u8def\u5f84\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"copy2\">copy2()<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u5143\u6570\u636e\n\u683c\u5f0f\uff1ashutil.copy2('\u6765\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6','\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740')\n\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u590d\u5236\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u8def\u5f84\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"copyfileobj\">copyfileobj()<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u62f7\u8d1d\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5f53\u4e2d\n\u683c\u5f0f\uff1ashutil.copyfileobj(open(\u6765\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6,'r'),open\uff08'\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6','w'\uff09)\n\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u65e0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"copyfile\">copyfile()<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u62f7\u8d1d\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5f53\u4e2d\n\u683c\u5f0f:shutil.copyfile(\u6765\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6,\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6)\n\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"copytree\">copytree()<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u590d\u5236\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\n\u683c\u5f0f:shutil.copytree(\u6765\u6e90\u76ee\u5f55,\u76ee\u6807\u76ee\u5f55)\n\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u76ee\u6807\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8def\u5f84\n\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u65e0\u8bba\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5747\u53ef\u4ee5\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f1a\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"copymode\">copymode()<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u62f7\u8d1d\u6743\u9650\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"copystat\">copystat()<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u62f7\u8d1d\u5143\u6570\u636e\uff08\u72b6\u6001\uff09\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"rmtree\">rmtree()<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u79fb\u9664\u6574\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u7a7a\n\u683c\u5f0f\uff1ashutil.rmtree(\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84)\n\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u65e0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"move\">move()<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8005\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\n\u683c\u5f0f\uff1ashutil.move(\u6765\u6e90\u5730\u5740,\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740)\n\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"which\">which()<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u68c0\u6d4b\u547d\u4ee4\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\n\u683c\u5f0f\uff1ashutil.which(\u2018\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u2019)\n\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u547d\u4ee4\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\n\u6ce8\u610f\uff1awindow\u548clinux\u4e0d\u592a\u4e00\u6837\u3002 window\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u662f.exe\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0clinux\u5219\u4e0d\u662f\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"diskusage\">disk_usage()<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u68c0\u6d4b\u78c1\u76d8\u4f7f\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\n\u683c\u5f0f\uff1adisk_usage(\u2018\u76d8\u7b26\u2019)\n\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u5143\u7ec4\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u5f52\u6863\u548c\u89e3\u5305\u64cd\u4f5c\">\u5f52\u6863\u548c\u89e3\u5305\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f52\u6863\uff1a\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5408\u5e76\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u5f52\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u89e3\u5305\uff1a\u5c06\u5f52\u6863\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u538b\u7f29\uff1a\u538b\u7f29\u65f6\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u635f\u6216\u8005\u65e0\u635f\u7684\u5408\u5e76\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\uff1a\u5c31\u662f\u538b\u7f29\u7684\u53cd\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c06\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u538b\u7f29\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5f52\u6863\uff01\">\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u538b\u7f29\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5f52\u6863\uff01<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"makearchive\">make_archive()<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u5f52\u6863\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5f52\u6863\u64cd\u4f5c\n\u683c\u5f0f\uff1ashutil.make_archive('\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84','\u5f52\u6863\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u7f00','\u9700\u8981\u5f52\u6863\u7684\u76ee\u5f55')\n\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u5f52\u6863\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u8def\u5f84\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"unpackarchive\">unpack_archive()<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u89e3\u5305\u64cd\u4f5c\n\u683c\u5f0f\uff1ashutil.unpack_archive('\u5f52\u6863\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84','\u89e3\u5305\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u5939')\n\u8fd4\u56de\u503c:None\n\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4f1a\u65b0\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"getarchiveformats\">get_archive_formats()<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u5f52\u6863\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\uff08\u540e\u7f00\uff09\n\u683c\u5f0f\uff1ashutil.get_archive_formats()\n\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u5217\u8868   [(\u540e\u7f00,\u89e3\u91ca),(\u540e\u7f00,\u89e3\u91ca),(\u540e\u7f00,\u89e3\u91ca)...]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"getunpackformats\">get_unpack_formats()<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u89e3\u5305\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f(\u540e\u7f00)\n\u683c\u5f0f:shutil.get_unpack_formats()\n\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u5217\u8868   [(\u540e\u7f00,\u89e3\u91ca),(\u540e\u7f00,\u89e3\u91ca),(\u540e\u7f00,\u89e3\u91ca)...]<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">paramiko<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>paramiko\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u505a\u8fdc\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\uff0cfabric\u548cansible\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684paramiko\u6765\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5b89\u88c5<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><code>pycrypto\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e paramiko \u6a21\u5757\u5185\u90e8\u4f9d\u8d56pycrypto\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5148\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5b89\u88c5pycrypto<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><code>pip3 install pycrypto<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><code>pip3 install paramiko<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6a21\u5757\u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">import paramiko\n\n# \u521b\u5efaSSH\u5bf9\u8c61\nssh = paramiko.SSHClient()\n# \u5141\u8bb8\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u5728known_hosts\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\nssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())\n# \u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\nssh.connect(hostname=\"192.168.0.99\", port=22, username=\"root\", password=\"rootroot\")\n# \u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\nstdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u7ed3\u679c\nresult = stdout.read().decode()\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u9519\u8bef\u63d0\u793a\uff08stdout\u3001stderr\u53ea\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\uff09\nerr = stderr.read()\n# \u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\nssh.close()\nprint(stdin, result, err)<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6ce8\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6ce8\u91ca\u201cssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())\u201d\u8fd9\u53e5\uff0c\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images2017.cnblogs.com\/blog\/507595\/201707\/507595-20170727204359618-2075096304.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7c7b\u4f3c\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3alinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d~\/.ssh\/known_hosts\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5b9e\u73b0SFTP\u529f\u80fd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">import paramiko\n# \u8fde\u63a5\u865a\u62df\u673acentos\u4e0a\u7684ip\u53ca\u7aef\u53e3\ntransport = paramiko.Transport((\"192.168.0.99\", 22))\ntransport.connect(username=\"root\", password=\"rootroot\")\n# \u5c06\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u7684Transport\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u5165SFTPClient\u4e2d\nsftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)\n# \u5c06\u201ccalculator.py\u201d\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230filelist\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\nsftp.put('D:\\python\u5e93\\Python_shell\\day05\\calculator.py', '\/filelist\/calculator.py')\n# \u5c06centos\u4e2d\u7684aaa.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5230\u684c\u9762\nsftp.get('\/filedir\/aaa.txt', r'C:\\Users\\duany_000\\Desktop\\test_aaa.txt')\ntransport.close()<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6ce8\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230Windows\u4e2d\u8def\u5f84\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u94fe\u63a5\u5982\u4e0b\u7f51\u5740http:\/\/blog.csdn.net\/elang6962\/article\/details\/68068126<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4f7f\u7528\u79d8\u94a5\u5b9e\u73b0SSH\u529f\u80fd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">import paramiko\nprivate_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('id_rsa31')\n# \u521b\u5efaSSH\u5bf9\u8c61\nssh = paramiko.SSHClient()\nssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())\n# \u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\nssh.connect(hostname='192.168.79.9', port=22, username='root', pkey=private_key)\nstdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('ifconfig')\nres_out = stdout.read()\nprint(res_out.decode())\nssh.close()<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4f7f\u7528\u79d8\u94a5\u5b9e\u73b0SFTP\u529f\u80fd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">import paramiko\nprivate_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('id_rsa31')\n# \u8fde\u63a5\u865a\u62df\u673acentos\u4e0a\u7684ip\u53ca\u7aef\u53e3\ntransport = paramiko.Transport((\"192.168.79.9\", 22))\ntransport.connect(username=\"root\", pkey=private_key)\n# \u5c06\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u7684Transport\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u5165SFTPClient\u4e2d\nsftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)\n# \u5c06\u201ccalculator.py\u201d\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230filelist\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\nsftp.put('D:\\python\u5e93\\Python_shell\\day05\\calculator.py', '\/filedir\/calculator.py')\n# \u5c06centos\u4e2d\u7684aaa.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5230\u684c\u9762\nsftp.get('\/filedir\/oldtext.txt', r'C:\\Users\\duany_000\\Desktop\\oldtext.txt')\ntransport.close()<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><br><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>OS \u6a21\u5757 #os\u6a21\u5757\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\uff1a import os #getcwd(<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17,13],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Python \u5e38\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u5927\u5168\uff08\u6574\u7406\uff09 - Linux\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u8fd0\u7ef4<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxdevops.cn\/2019\/10\/general-collection-of-python-common-modules-sorting\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Python \u5e38\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u5927\u5168\uff08\u6574\u7406\uff09 - Linux\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u8fd0\u7ef4\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"OS \u6a21\u5757 #os\u6a21\u5757\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\uff1a import os #getcwd(\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.linuxdevops.cn\/2019\/10\/general-collection-of-python-common-modules-sorting\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Linux\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u8fd0\u7ef4\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-10-23T06:19:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-04-18T07:57:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/common.cnblogs.com\/images\/copycode.gif\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.linuxdevops.cn\/2019\/10\/general-collection-of-python-common-modules-sorting\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.linuxdevops.cn\/2019\/10\/general-collection-of-python-common-modules-sorting\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.linuxdevops.cn\/#\/schema\/person\/3e206335d5796fdd8679e449df72a0d1\"},\"headline\":\"Python \u5e38\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u5927\u5168\uff08\u6574\u7406\uff09\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-10-23T06:19:40+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-04-18T07:57:32+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.linuxdevops.cn\/2019\/10\/general-collection-of-python-common-modules-sorting\/\"},\"wordCount\":1583,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.linuxdevops.cn\/#\/schema\/person\/3e206335d5796fdd8679e449df72a0d1\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Linux\",\"Python\"],\"inLanguage\":\"zh-CN\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.linuxdevops.cn\/2019\/10\/general-collection-of-python-common-modules-sorting\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.linuxdevops.cn\/2019\/10\/general-collection-of-python-common-modules-sorting\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.linuxdevops.cn\/2019\/10\/general-collection-of-python-common-modules-sorting\/\",\"name\":\"Python \u5e38\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u5927\u5168\uff08\u6574\u7406\uff09 - Linux\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u8fd0\u7ef4\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.linuxdevops.cn\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2019-10-23T06:19:40+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-04-18T07:57:32+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.linuxdevops.cn\/2019\/10\/general-collection-of-python-common-modules-sorting\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"zh-CN\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.linuxdevops.cn\/2019\/10\/general-collection-of-python-common-modules-sorting\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.linuxdevops.cn\/2019\/10\/general-collection-of-python-common-modules-sorting\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u9996\u9875\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.linuxdevops.cn\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Linux\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.linuxdevops.cn\/linux\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Python 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Linux\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u8fd0\u7ef4","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.linuxdevops.cn\/2019\/10\/general-collection-of-python-common-modules-sorting\/","og_locale":"zh_CN","og_type":"article","og_title":"Python \u5e38\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u5927\u5168\uff08\u6574\u7406\uff09 - Linux\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u8fd0\u7ef4","og_description":"OS \u6a21\u5757 #os\u6a21\u5757\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\uff1a import os 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